Session 1 Flashcards
how did CEA Winslow define public health
- science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health
- through organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private communities, and individuals
how did Sir Vickers define public health
- successive redefining of the unacceptable
how did the Institute of Medicine define public health
- assuring conditions in which people can be healthy
how did the World Health Organization define public health
- maximum benefit for the largest number of people
what are the 10 greatest achievements in public health from 1900-1999 (20th century)
- vaccinations
- motor-vehicle safety
- safer workplaces
- control of infectious diseases
- decline of deaths from heart disease and stroke
- safer foods
- healthier mothers and babies
- family planning
- fluoridation of drinking water
- recognition of tobacco as a health hazard
what are examples of vaccines created in the 1900s (20th century)
- diphtheria
- pertussis
- tetanus
- polio
- influenza
- measles
- mumps
- rubella
what are some ways motor-vehicle safety improved in the 1900s (20th century)
- alcohol impaired driving is illegal
- pedestrians have cross walks
- occupant protection systems
- safety belt
- child-safety and booster seats
what are some ways that food was made safer during the 1900s (20th century)
- decreased microbial contamination
- increased nutritional content
- ability to preserve perishable foods
- pasteurization
- identification of food borne pathogens
what was the average children born per family in 1800, 1900, and 2000
- 1800: 7 children
- 1900: 3.5 children
- 2000: 2 children
how many people were given fluoridated drinking water in the 1900s (20th century)
135 million
how much does fluoridation of drinking water cost
$0.31 to $2.12 per person
when and why did the use of tobacco start declining in the US
- 1970
- 1st world conference on smoking and health
what are the 10 greatest achievements in public health from 2000 to 2010 (21st century)
- vaccine-preventable diseases
- prevention and control of infectious diseases
- tobacco control
- maternal and infant health
- motor vehicle safety
- cardiovascular disease prevention
- occupational safety
- cancer prevention
- childhood lead poisoning prevention
- public health preparedness and response
how much has life expectancy improved since 1900 and how many of those years are due to public health efforts
- improved 30 years
- 25 due to public health
what was the average life expectancy in 1900 and 2015
- 1900: 47.3 years
- 2015: 78.1 years
