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Microanatomy Exam 4 > Sertoli Cells & Spermatogenesis > Flashcards

Sertoli Cells & Spermatogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

3 ways Sertoli cells support spermatogenesis?

A
  1. Nutritionally
  2. Hormonally
  3. Morphological adjustment to support
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2
Q

Which cells create blood-testis barrier?

A

Sertoli cells

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3
Q

How do Sertoli cells form blood-testis barrier?

A

Held together by tight junction just above level of spermatogonia

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4
Q

Adluminal compartment means?

A

Immune-privileged area

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5
Q

What is spermatogenesis?

A

Entire process of producing spermatozoa

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6
Q

3 phases of spermatogenesis

A
  1. Mitosis
  2. Meiosis
  3. Metamorphosis
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7
Q

Mitotic spage of spermatogenesis is called?

A

Spermatocytogenesis

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8
Q

What occurs during spermatocytogenesis?

A

Spermatogonia divide and give rise to spermatocytes

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9
Q

What occurs during meiosis stage of spermatogenesis?

A

Spermatocyte becomes haploid spermatid

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10
Q

Between what stages of spermatogenesis does spermatocyte migrate to adluminal compartment?

A

Between mitosis and meiosis

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11
Q

Mitosis is?

A

Duplication of genetically identical diploid cells

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12
Q

Meiosis is?

A

Production of genetically different haploid cells

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13
Q

What process only occurs in sexually reproductive cells?

A

Meiosis

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14
Q

Which leads to genetic diversity, mitosis or meiosis?

A

Meiosis

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15
Q

Most primitive cells of spermatogenesis

A

Spermatogonia

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16
Q

Spermatogonia are involved in which stage of spermatogenesis?

A

Mitosis

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17
Q

Where are spermatogonia located?

A

Periphery of seminiferous tubule

18
Q

3 generations of spermatogonia

A
  1. A cells
  2. I cells
  3. B cells
19
Q

What are A cells?

A

Stem cells that have round nucleus with condensed chromatins

20
Q

Results of mitotic division of A cell

A
  1. 1 cells remains “A” cell
  2. Other divides and has “I” daughter cells
  3. “I” cells divde to produce “B” spermatogonia
21
Q

What cell produces primary spermatocytes?

A

B spermatogonia

22
Q

Asymmetric replication only occurs in?

A

Stem cells

23
Q

Largest cell in spermatogenesis

A

Primary spermatocyte

24
Q

Primary spermatocytes represent the beginning of what stage of spermatogenesis?

A

Meiosis

25
Q

Primary spermatocyte has what DNA?

A

4n

26
Q

When does “cross-over” occur?

A

Extended prophase of first meiotic division (primary spermatocyte)

27
Q

Secondary spermatocyte has what DNA?

A

2n

28
Q

What occurs during second meiotic division?

A

Sister chromatids of secondary spermatocyte pull apart during anaphase to form spermatid

29
Q

Spermatid DNA

A

1n

30
Q

Spermatid appearance

A

Small round cells → nuclei become flattened and heterochromatic

31
Q

Which descendant of spermatogonium is not connected by cytoplasmic bridges?

A

Spermatozoa

32
Q

Mature spermatozoa are formed during what stage?

A

Metamorphosis

33
Q

Mature spermatozoa consists of?

A
  1. Head
  2. Neck
  3. Tail (middle piece, principal piece, end piece)
34
Q

What develops during metamorphosis to form mature spermatozoa?

A

Acrosome, flagellum and nuclear condensation

35
Q

Anterior pole of spermatozoa nucleus is covered by?

A

Acrosomal cap

36
Q

Acrosomal cap contains?

A

Enzymes (ex: hyaluronidase)

37
Q

Cryptorchidism occurs most frequently in?

A

Swine and horses (hereditary)

38
Q

How does bilateral testical retention result in sterility?

A

Thermal suppression of spermatogenesis

39
Q

Why should cryptorchid testicles be removed?

A

May become neoplastic

40
Q

Hormone therapy for cryptorchidism

A

Gonadotropic hormones (FSH, HCG) to prepubertal animals can cause descent of testicles

41
Q

Definition of metamorphosis

A

Morphological transformation of spermatozoa (final transition of round cell to final shape)

42
Q

Do Sertoli cells play a role in metamorphosis?

A

Yes

Microanatomy Exam 4 (14 decks)

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