Serous fluid Flashcards
Three cavities that contain serous fluid
Pleural, pericardial, peritoneal
what are the two serous membranes
parietal (cavity) and visceral (organ in cavity)
Collection names for each of the cavities
Thoracentesis=pleural fluid
Pericardiocentesis=pericardial fluid
Paracentesis=peritoneal fluid
What are serous fluids ultrafiltrates of?
Plasma
4 forces that effect production and reabsorption rate
hydrostatic, oncotic, intrapleural, lymphatic
Effusion
increase in serous fluid due to disruption in formation or reabsorption of fluid
effusion causes
- increased capillary hydrostatic pressure (chronic heart failure)
- Decreased oncotic pressure (nephrotic syndromes)
- increased capillary permeability (infection/inflammation)
- lymphatic obstruction (tumor/lymphoma)
Type 1: Transudate
secondary to a systemic disease process. No further testing, resolved when disorder is resolved
Type 2: Exudate
Primary or local inflammation in the closed cavity. Infection or malignancies, further testing is necessary
Pleural fluid colors
Normal=clear or pale yellow
Turbid/white=microbial infection
Bloody=hemothorax, hemorrhagic effusion, embolism, TB
Milky=chylous/pseudochylous material
Brown=rupture of liver abscess
Black=aspergillus
Viscous=malignant mesothelioma (increased hyaluronic acid)
Chylous
thoracic duct leakage. High [triglycerides]. Lots of lymphocytes, sudan III stain=+
Pseudo
chronic inflammatory conditions. High [cholesterol]. Mix of cells, sudan III stain=-
Normal pleural cells
macrophages=64-80%
lymphocytes=18-30%
neutrophils=1-2%
mesothelial cells are decreased when TB
Reactive mesothelial cells
very bad
Glucose
decreased in infection and rheumatoid inflammation. Lactate may also be measured