Lab practical 1

Question 1

What precautions are used to avoid exposure to hazardous situations in the lab?

Answer 1

Wearing gloves, safety goggles and a lab coat, as well as using a splash shield if necessary. Also, decontaminating surfaces with a 1:10 bleach solution and throwing out waste in the proper containers

Question 2

PPE what, when, why and how?

Answer 2

Gloves: at all times in the lab, especially when handling bodily fluids. Must be removed the safe way.
Lab coat: must be worn at all times in the lab and can not be worn outside of the lab.
Goggles: must be worn while handling body fluids

Question 3

What spaces are considered dirty and what considered clean?

Answer 3

Dirty: most surfaces in the lab
Clean: door handles, sink faucets, computer keyboards, telephones

Question 4

Where is soft biohazardous material disposed of?

Answer 4

Red biohazardous waste bags

Question 5

Where is hard/sharp biohazardous material disposed of?

Answer 5

Red hard walled sharps containters

Question 6

Universal/standard precautions

Answer 6

Assume that any fluid in the lab is biohazardous

Question 7

Proper spill clean up procedure

Answer 7

Report to the supervisor, and clean with 10% bleach.

Question 8

How to properly mix specimens?

Answer 8

Invert 180 degrees a few times

Question 9

Refractometer use and glucose/protein compensation

Answer 9

Calibrate using water. Put a few drops of urine on the stage and observe through the lens pointed at a light source. Read the value. If there is glucose in the urine, subtract 0.004g glucose from the reading. If there is protein in the urine subtract 0.003g of protein from the reading.

Question 10

Calibration of refractometer

Answer 10

Water must be set to 0
5% NaCl must be set to 1.022 +-0.001
9% sucrose must be set to 1.034 =-0.001

Question 11

Proper color terminology

Answer 11

Colorless, pale yellow, yellow, dark yellow, amber, orange, yellow-green, yellow-brown, green, blue-green, pink, red, brown, black

Question 12

Proper clarity terminology

Answer 12

Clear, hazy, cloudy, turbid, milky

Question 13

Clear

Answer 13

no visible particulates, transparent

Question 14

Hazy

Answer 14

Few particulates, print easy to see through urine

Question 15

Cloudy

Answer 15

Many particulates, print is blurred through urine

Question 16

Turbid

Answer 16

Print can not be seen through urine

Question 17

Milky

Answer 17

May precipitate or be clotted

Question 18

Causes of premature deuteriation of reagent strips

Answer 18

If they are stored at temperatures above 30 or below 0, if they are not protected against moisture and light, if the strip is removed too long before use

Question 19

Quality control procedures on reagent strips

Answer 19

Every day before use a positive and negative control is done

Question 20

Describe clinitest and what information it tells

Answer 20

Clinitest will show whether there is sugar in the urine. It will show for multiple sugars including glucose. If sugar is too high it can cause a pass through yielding a false negative. This is important for galactosemia in newborns

Question 21

What proteins are detected by reagent strip vs SSA

Answer 21

SSA is more sensitive than dipstick and will react to albumin, globulins, glycoproteins and Bence-Jones proteins. Dipstick will only react to albumin