SEROLOGY TESTS

Question 1

what are serologicic tests

Answer 1

Are diagnostic tests that detect the precence of antibodies or antigens in a patients blood serum

Question 2

what is enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

Answer 2

Uses an enzyme-linked antibody to detect the presence of an antigen or antibody in a patient’s blood serum.

Question 3

what infections does ELISA used to detect

Answer 3

HIV, Hepatitis, lime disease

Question 4

what is western blot

Answer 4

is a confirmatory test used to detect specific antibodies in a patient serum

Question 5

what is western blot used for.

Answer 5

it is use dto confirm a positive ELISA test for HIV

Question 6

What are rapid diagnostic tests

Answer 6

are simple, easy to use tests that provide rapid results without the need for specialized laboratory equipment

Question 7

what infections are commonly diagnosed with rapid tests

Answer 7

malaria, parasites, viruses, bacteria

Question 8

what is complement fixation test

Answer 8

is a text that detects the precence of antibodies in a patient’s blood serum by measuring their ability to fix comlement proteins

Question 9

when is complement fixation test used

Answer 9

to diagnose infections caused by bacteria, such as sympilis and tuberculosis

Question 10

what is latect agglutination test

Answer 10

latex agglutination test is a test that detects the presence of antigents in a patient’s blood serum by measuring their ability to agglutinate latex particles coated with specific antibodies

Question 11

when is latec agglutination test used

Answer 11

commonly used to diagnose to diagnoseinfectins caused by bacterias such as streptococcus and staphylococcus

Question 12

what is hemagglutination test (HIT)

Answer 12

is a test that detects the presence of antibodies in a patients blood serumby measuring their ability to inhibit the agglutination of red blood cells

Question 13

what infections are diagosed using hemagglutination inhibition test

Answer 13

viral infections

Question 14

explain the biochemical tests

Answer 14

Biochemical tests are used in microbiology to identify different microorganisms based on their metabolic properties.

Question 15

what is the principle of action of biochemical test

Answer 15

The principle of action for these tests is based on the fact that each microorganism has a unique set of biochemical reactions that it can perform, and by testing for the presence or absence of these reactions, we can identify the microorganism.
Biochemical tests typically involve adding a specific reagent or substrate to a sample of the microorganism’s growth medium, and then observing the resulting reaction.
The reaction may involve a change in color, the production of gas, or the formation of a precipitate, among other things.

Question 16

what is catalase test

Answer 16

is used to identify organisms that produce the enzyme , catalase

Question 17

what is the principle of action for catalase test

Answer 17

breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen gas. staphylococcus species are catalase positive while streptococcus are nagative

Question 18

what is coagulase test

Answer 18

is a test use to identify organisms that that produce the enzyme coagulase

Question 19

what is the principle of coagulase etst

Answer 19

Coagulase helps plasma to clot by converting fibrinogen to fibrin.
Coagulase positive -Staphylococcus aureus.
Coagulase –ve-CNS

Question 20

what is oxidase test

Answer 20

is a test that is used to identify organisms that produce the enzyme oxidase

Question 21

what is the function of oxidase test

Answer 21

The oxidase test is designed for specifically detecting the presence of the terminal enzyme system in aerobic respiration called cytochrome C oxidase or cytochrome
Pseudomonas, Neisseria, Campylobacter,

Question 22

what is urease test

Answer 22

is a test use dto identify organisms that produce the enzyme urease

Question 23

what is the test principle of urease test

Answer 23

Test organism is cultured in a medium which contains urea and the indicator phenol red. When the strain is urease producing, the enzyme will break down the urea to give ammonia and carbon dioxide. With the release of ammonia, the medium becomes alkaline as shown by a change in colour of the indicator to pink-red

Question 24

explain the test principle of bile solubility test

Answer 24

The principle of the test is based on the fact that pneumococci are bile-soluble, whereas other alpha-hemolytic streptococci are not. In this test, a colony of the bacterium to be tested is added to a small amount of bile salt solution. The mixture is then incubated for 15-30 minutes at 35-37°C. If the colony disintegrates and becomes transparent, it is identified as S. pneumoniae.

Question 25

what is bile solubility test

Answer 25

This test is used to differentiate Streptococcus pneumoniae from other alpha-hemolytic streptococci.

Question 26

what is citrate utilization test

Answer 26

is a test used to determine the ability of bacteria to utilize citrate as the sole source of carbon

Question 27

what i sthe test principle of citrate utilization test

Answer 27

The principle of the test is based on the fact that citrate utilization leads to an increase in pH due to the production of sodium carbonate. In this test, a bacterium is inoculated onto a slant of Simmons citrate agar and incubated for 24-48 hours at 35-37°C. If the bacterium utilizes citrate, it produces a blue color due to the formation of sodium carbonate. A negative result is indicated by no color change.

Question 28

what is indore test

Answer 28

This test is used to determine the ability of bacteria to produce indole from tryptophan.

Question 29

what is the test principle of indore test

Answer 29

principle of the test is based on the fact that the enzyme tryptophanase, which is produced by some bacteria, converts tryptophan to indole. In this test, a bacterium is inoculated into a tube of tryptone broth and incubated for 24-48 hours at 35-37°C. After incubation, a small amount of Kovacs’ reagent is added to the tube. If the bacterium produces indole, a red color will appear at the top of the broth. A negative result is indicated by no color change.