Serology and Immunohistochemical Methods

Question 1

A _________________ sign of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathieae are pink, diamond-shaped skin lesions.

Answer 1

Pathognomonic

Question 2

Unlike transudate, exudate would have an increased presence of -?

Answer 2

Proteins

Question 3

T/F: Proper specimen collection is the first step for accurate diagnostic testing.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Blood, feces, swabs, and post mortem samples can all be collected for identifying what types of agents?

Answer 4

Bacterial, parasitic, and viral

Question 5

Bacterial samples include -?

Answer 5

Blood, skin scrapes, urine, swabs, milk, and post mortem tissues and organs

Question 6

Parasitic infections can be identified from what samples?

Answer 6

Feces, vomit, sputum, blood, urine, skin scrapes, muscle biopsies, and post mortem samples

Question 7

Feces, blood, nasal and tracheal swabs, sputum and post mortem samples can be collected for determining _________ infections.

Answer 7

Viral

Question 8

T/F: The best time to collect samples is during the acute phase, or at the time of outbreak or before, through aseptic techniques.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Proper storage includes consideration of -?

Answer 9

Temperature, moisture, and the addition of additives to reduce contaminant growth

Question 10

Proper specimen storage and _________ should always aim to avoid contamination’s and care to biosafety.

Answer 10

Transport

Question 11

Define antigen.

Answer 11

Molecule (pathogen, pathogenic proteins, molecule present on the pathogen) that can trigger a host immune response.

Question 12

What are antibodies?

Answer 12

Molecules that bind to specific antigens.

Question 13

If a test has a high sensitivity, then what result would you expect?

Answer 13

A negative test result, as it detects quantities of antigens or antibodies to rule out individuals who do not have the disease

Question 14

If a test has a high specificity, what test result would you expect?

Answer 14

A positive test result, as it would detect those who do not have the disease

Question 15

Serology is used to detect ___________, while serotyping is used to identify ___________.

Answer 15

Serology = antibodies
Serotyping = antigens

Question 16

An antibody titer is associated with the measurements of __________, which is similar to serological tests.

Answer 16

Antibodies

Question 17

ELISA , which is also known as Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, is associated with antibody detection in response to -?

Answer 17

Viruses, parasites, fungi, or bacteria

Question 18

T/F: ELISA tests are all associated with the detection or indication of either antibodies or antigens present in the sample.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

What is the difference between Direct, Indirect, or Sandwich ELISA tests?

Answer 19

Direct involves the an antigen bound to a solid, wash, then the addition of a antibodies and substrates

Indirect involves the addition of a secondary antibody following the first one

Sandwich involves antibodies bound to a solid, the addition of antigens, and then antibodies along with substrates (in that order)

Question 20

What type of assay is commonly used, easily interpreted, inexpensive, rapid, and a variation of of ELISA?

Answer 20

Lateral-flow immunoassay

Question 21

If an IDEXX snap test amplifies the result, then it would be expected to have an increased -?

A) Sensitivity
B) Specificity

Answer 21

A) Sensitivity

Question 22

The visible clumping of particulate antigens due to its binding with specific antibodies forms a visible lattice. This type of test is called?

Answer 22

Agglutination

Question 23

Unfortunately, what type of tests can not always detect for active infections, may have a detection limit, and the antibodies seen could have the same antibodies?

Answer 23

Immunochemical and serology