Drug Therapy and AMR Flashcards
Explain the difference between therapeutic, prophylactic, and metaphylactic use?
Therapeutic = tx to cure infected Prophylactic = tx to prevent infection Metaphylactic = tx to cure infected and prevent infection in healthy
Growth promotion, is used with aim of -?
Improve growth rate
Improve efficacy of feed utilization
Improve reproduction
T/F: Growth promotion through the use of antibiotics is banned.
True
What are the 5 antibiotics needed to be known for this exam?
Beta lactate Aminoglycosides Macrolides Sulfonamides and dipyrimidine Tetracyclines
Antibiotics can have what origins?
Natural, semi-synthetic, synthetic
Broad spectrum antibiotics can be used across both Gram positive and negative bacterium, while narrow spectrum antibiotics are -?
Used for specific bacterium, e.g. isoniazid for mycobacterium or polymyxins for Gram negative bacteria
What more modes of actions can antibiotics have?
Plasma membrane injury and inhibition of cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, nucleic acid replication, and synthesis of metabolites
While beta lactams are ______________ inhibitors, aminoglycosides and macrolides are _____________ inhibitors.
Beta lactams = cell wall
Macro and Amino = protein synthesis
__________________ is the resistance against one compound gives automatic resistance to another compound.
Cross-resistance
T/F: Heavy metals are commonly associated or coupled with antibiotic pollution.
True
Interferons, antiserum, and the synthesis of antibodies are associated with what type of drugs?
Antiviral
Define antimicrobial resistance, and explain its societal problems.
AMR= bacterial ability to survive antimicrobial therapy and cause therapeutic failure
Consequences to economics, animal and public health
How can microbes resist antibiotics from reaching their targets?
Efflux pumps, decreasing permeability, destroy the antibiotic, or modify the antibiotic
How can a microbes bypass or modify the target of antimicrobials?
Camouflage it, express alternative proteins, or reprogram the target
What type is resistance is associated with naturally acquiring the trait?
Intrinsic resistance
What type resistance is associated with the mutation in the existing DNA, or by the acquisition of new DNA, is called -?
Acquired resistance
Identify characteristics of MRSA.
- mecA gene against Beta lactams
- Acquired resistance
- Gram positive bacteria
- Community, livestock, or hospital-acquired
Identify characteristics for MRSP.
- mecA gene and some are MDR to all antibiotics
- Acquired resistance
- Acquired in clinic (nosocomial infection)
Identify some characteristics of ESBL.
- Gram negative
- Produces an enzyme similar to that of mecA gene transcription/ translation
- Foodborne transmission for ESBL producing E. coli that can transfer to resident E. coli
T/F: Bacterial culturing is almost always contraindicated.
False
T/F: The minimization of clinically important antibiotics is an important consideration, as they are broad spectrum and should be preserved for treatment of difficult infections.
True
Shooting high, in regards to dosage regimens, involves -?
Enhancing therapeutic effects and preventing the selection of resistant mutants
Shooting fast and shooting regular in regards to dosage regimens means -?
Shoot regular = enhance therapeutic effect only
Shoot fast = treat earliest and with shortest time
