Phenotypic Methods Flashcards
Concentration techniques are used to ________ the concentration of pathogen material.
Increase
Filtration or centrifugation, flotation or sedimentation, or the baermannn test, are associated with _______________ techniques.
Concentration
A fecal flotation (to observe egg types) and _________ ____ counting slides (determine egg types and level of infection) are used for fecal analysis.
McMaster egg
Microscopic identification has what disadvantages, while it can tissue morphologies, pathogens, and are rapid for analysis?
Mild infections can’t be observed, nor not all specimens can collected can be used for analysis
While a simple stain utilizes a single stain, a differential stain utilizes -?
More than one dye, which can take longer, to not only observe morphologies but also distinguish different cell types and structures
Viral replication often can be identified by what structures within the nucleus and cytoplasm?
Inclusion bodies
Hematoxylin is a basic dye that will stain ________ structures purple, like the rER and the genetic material.
Acidic
______ is an acidic dye that will stain basic structures pink, like the cytoplasm.
Eosin
Describe the process of a Gram Stain.
Apply a crystal violet (purple)
Apply mordant
Alcoholic wash of the crystal violet
Apply of safranin (pink)
Gram positive bacteria will stain ______ due to a thick peptidoglycan layer, while Gram negative bacteria will stain ________ have a thin peptidoglycan layer and an inner and outer plasma membrane.
Positive = Purple Negative = Pink
The following are specific bacterial structure stains, what do they stain for?
- Acid fast stain
- Capsule stain
- Endospore stain
- Flagella stain
Acid fast = stains cell wall
Capsule = stain background not capsule
Endospore = spore dyed with malachite green
Flagella = flagella thickened with mordant
The following are fungal stains. What do they stain for?
- Lactophenol Cotton Blue stain
- Gomori Methenamine Silver stain
- Periodic Acid Schiff stain
LCB = chitin GMS = cell wall PAS = mucin
The following are parasitic stains. What do they stain for?
- Leishman stain
- Wheatley’s Trichrome stain
Leish. = blood smears Wheat. = Protozoa
The use of a fixative, and two successive separate stain solutions, is a form of histological staining. This technique is also known as a Wright-Giemsa stain.
Diff-Quick
Unlike the bacteria that don’t require specific nutrients and culture conditions, ___________ bacteria do.
Fastidious
Nutrient, selective, and differential media are associated with -?
Agars
Broth can either be __________ or ____________, which increase the number of bacteria while limiting others.
Nutrient or Enrichment
The following are ______ __________ media - trypticase soy, luria bertani, mueller-hinton.
Basic nutrient
Blood agar, brain heart infusion, cholocate, and loses blood agars are -?
Enriched nutrient media
Non-nutrient, but selective medias, include what three agars for gram positive bacteria, gram negative bacteria, and fungi?
Gram Pos = Phenylethyl Alcohol agar
Gram Neg = Eosin Methylene Blue agar
Fungi = Saboraud Dextrose agar
Differential media include the blood, MacConkey, CLED, and Mannitol salt agars that culture for -?
Blood agar = hemolysis
MacConkey agar = Gram negative
Mannitol Salt agar = Gram positive
CLED agar = urinary pathogens
What do the following enzyme production biochemical tests for bacterial identification?
- Catalase
- Coagulase
- Urease
- Tryptophanase
Catalase = degrades hydrog. peroxide Coagulase = fibrin for cloture formation Urease = hydrolyses urea Tryptophanase = Tryptophan to indole
The Simmons citrate agar test is utilized for gram _________ bacteria utilizing a carbon source.
Negative
T/F: Bacterial identification for urinary pathogens can include UTI culture paddles and the flexicult vet urinary test.
True
Which of the following is not a quantitative test? A) ELISA B) qPCR C) Urine tests D) IDEXX snap test
D) IDEXX snap test
