Sequence of nuclear genome

Question 1

Is the human nuclear genome homogenous?

Answer 1

Nope. Lots of variety

Question 2

How were the kinetic studies on the nuclear genome conducted?

Answer 2

1. Extract nuclear DNA and fragment it
2. Heat denaturation
3. Allow to slowly cool to room temp, and allow the DNA to reanneal

Question 3

Why will DNA reanneal at different rates depending on the sequence?

Answer 3

If there’s more copies of that sequence in the genome, the sequence is more likely to run into something complementary and reanneal

Question 4

What does the curve of the reannealing genome look like?

Answer 4

Sigmoidal with 3 plateaus

Question 5

What are the 3 fractions of the human nuclear genome? How abundant is each one?

Answer 5

The highly repetitive fraction: 10%
Moderately repetitive: 45%
Unique: 45%

Question 6

What was the human genome project?

Answer 6

Public effort to sequence the entire human genome to better understand it

Question 7

When was the human genome project initiated and when was it complete?

Answer 7

Initiated in 1990, draft published in 2001, and completed in 2003

Question 8

What is generally in the unique fraction?

Answer 8

1.5% Coding sequences, 5% highly conserved sequences, 40% non-coding unique sequences

Question 9

What is generally in the moderately repetitive fraction?

Answer 9

Transposable elements, gene families

Question 10

What is generally in the highly repetitive fraction?

Answer 10

Centromeric and telomeric heterochromatin, satellites

Question 11

What have been the 3 major projects since the human genome was sequenced?

Answer 11

1. Evolutionary sequence comparisons
2. Functional assays
3. Genomic variation between individuals