Septic Arthritis/Tenosynovitis Flashcards
Why is there only a mild to moderate increase in white cell count with post steroid injection infections?
(Bc steroids are blocking WBC normal action)
Foals are typically the culprit in hematogenous joint infections, what types of foals are going to get joint infections more likely?
(FPT foals and foals with a septic process (which likely are also FPT foals))
If you have a lame adult horse with a fever, are you jumping straight to the conclusion of a septic joint?
(No, if an adult horse with lameness/pain/swelling has a fever, it is more likely due to a cellulitis rather than a joint infection; fever is usually more associated with foals and septic joints)
If you have a septic foal that you have been monitoring twice daily for effusion and once daily for lameness that is now lame and has an effusive joint, what should you do?
(An arthrocentesis, submit for c/s)
When you have a wound that is over a joint and you want to tap the joint to discover if it has been compromised, where should you perform the tap and why?
(Away from the wound, do not want to track infection from wound to joint if there is not joint compromise; can then also distend the joint to see if it holds fluid or if it communicates with the wound)
What would you expect the serum amyloid A to be at least in a patient with a septic joint?
(>60 mg/L)
On an ultrasound of a septic joint, you would expect to see an increase/decrease (choose) in synovial fluid and an increase/decrease (choose) in echogenicity of synovial fluid.
(Both increase)
Finding gas in the synovial fluid on ultrasound of a septic joint may indicate what process?
(Anaerobic bacteria are forming gas)
Why is there a poorer prognosis associated with a joint infection of a joint with osteoarthritis?
(OA damage leaves a fibrous layer on affected cartilage which is easier for bacteria to colonize and hide in during tx)
If the WBC count of synovial fluid is 10,000/uL, what process is indicated?
(Inflammation, <450-5000 is normal, 500-20,000 is inflammation, >30,000 is infection)
If the total protein of synovial fluid is 4.2 g/dL, what process is indicated?
(Infection, <2.0 g/dL is normal, <2.5 g/dL is inflammation, and >4.0 g/dL is infection)
What value of neutrophils in the synovial fluid is pathognomonic for sepsis causing a joint infection?
(>95%)
(T/F) In acute cases of joint infections and with a healthy horse, broad spectrum antibiotics and a thorough lavage will resolve most infections.
(T)
What is primarily the issue when the tendon sheath is damaged in association with joint infections?
(Inflammatory mediators can cause adhesions > loss of normal motion)
What are the maximum doses of gentamicin and amikacin that can be used for systemic and intra-articular CRIs?
(Gentamicin 600mg/day, amikacin 2500mg/day)
