Non-Infectious Lung Dz Flashcards
Asthmatic horses are typically young/middle/older (choose) aged horses.
(Middle and older)
Pair the clinical signs with the progression of asthma in horses:
Moderate exercise intolerance
A - Severe disease
B - Early disease
C - Moderate disease
(B)
Pair the clinical signs with the progression of asthma in horses:
Cough and mucoid nasal discharge
A - Severe disease
B - Early disease
C - Moderate disease
(C)
Pair the clinical signs with the progression of asthma in horses:
Nostril flare and abdominal push
A - Severe disease
B - Early disease
C - Moderate disease
(A)
Which form of equine asthma is associated with exposure to barn dust, hay dust or hay mold and is more commonly observed in winter?
(Typical equine asthma)
Which form of equine asthma is associated with pasture, humidity, and hot temperatures and is observed in the south-eastern states such as Virginia?
(Summer Pasture Airway Obstructive Disease (SPAOD))
What results from exposure to an inhaled irritant that causes bronchoconstriction and mucous hypersecretion?
(Airway neutrophilic inflammation)
What in the history may distinguish between asthma and an infectious agent in horses?
(Exposure history (exposure to infectious agent → infectious; new environment/seasonal onset → asthma), clinical sign (fever → infectious; no fever → asthma), if other animals are affected or not, and onset (acute → infectious; gradual/chronic/recurring → asthma))
What are the advantages of a transtracheal wash or brush?
(More representative and sterile)
What is the advantage of a bronchiolar lavage?
(It is a more immediate assessment of inflammation in the lower airways)
What type of drug are atropine, ipratropium bromide, and buscopan and which of them is the drug of choice for asthma and why?
(They are M3 receptor antagonists; ipratropium bromide is the drug of choice because it does not affect the GI tract like atropine and buscopan do (inhibits GI motility))
How do alpha 2 agonists help with asthma?
(They block the release of AcH at the neuromuscular junction in the airway → reduces contraction; also increases mucous and water transport and generally promotes smooth muscle relaxation)
How do beta 2 agonists help with asthma?
(When beta 2 receptors are activated they cause bronchodilation and increase mucous secretions and mucociliary clearance)
What are the disadvantages to using systemic steroids for treatment of asthma?
(Systemic distribution affects overall immune response → more susceptible to infection, heavy parasite load, and skin disease; and increased risk for laminitis)
If you perform a BAL because you want to see if you can stop administering corticosteroids to a horse with asthma, what would indicate that you cannot stop your treatments?
(Any presence of neutrophilic inflammation → clinical compromise will return once treatment is stopped)
