Infectious Lung Dzs

Question 1

What are the acute signs of equine respiratory viruses? 4 answers.

Answer 1

(High fever, general malaise, cough that often persists for several weeks, and clear to mucoid nasal discharge; some viruses can also acutely cause local lnn swelling/tenderness and limb/ventral edema)

Question 2

Pair the following time period in a viral infection with the suggestive clinical pathology that would be found during that time:

Acute

A - Mild to moderate neutrophilia
B - Leukopenia with mild to moderate lymphopenia
C - Monocytosis

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Pair the following time period in a viral infection with the suggestive clinical pathology that would be found during that time:

After several days

A - Mild to moderate neutrophilia
B - Leukopenia with mild to moderate lymphopenia
C - Monocytosis

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Pair the following time period in a viral infection with the suggestive clinical pathology that would be found during that time:

During early convalescence

A - Mild to moderate neutrophilia
B - Leukopenia with mild to moderate lymphopenia
C - Monocytosis

Answer 4

C

Question 5

(T/F) Fibrinogen is always increased with viral respiratory infections in horses.

Answer 5

(F, fibrinogen is usually normal if there is not secondary bacterial infection)

Question 6

(T/F) Modified live vaccines have a chance of stimulating cell mediated responses.

Answer 6

(T, killed vaccines have no chance of stimulating CMI)

Question 7

The equine respiratory panels that Davis, Cornell, and Idexx have available are which of the following tests:

A - ELISA
B - Virus neutralization
C - PCR
D - IHC

Answer 7

(C)

Question 8

Are RNA or DNA viruses more fragile and less likely to survive in mucosal discharge?

Answer 8

(RNA (influenza and viral arteritis are RNA)

Question 9

What are the common equine respiratory viruses? 4 answers.

Answer 9

(Equine influenza, equine herpesvirus 1, equine herpesvirus 4, and equine viral arteritis)

Question 10

Antigenic drift/shift (choose) is the change of antigenicity within a viral subtype?

Answer 10

(Drift)

Question 11

What is antigenic drift?

Answer 11

(The change of antigenicity within a viral subtype → mild change in surface antigens but they maintain the same category)

Question 12

What is antigenic shift?

Answer 12

(Development of a new viral subtype → H3N8 versus H7N7)

Question 13

Which type of equine influenza is associated with more severe disease?

Answer 13

(H3N8)

Question 14

What is the incubation period for equine herpes virus?

Answer 14

(2-10 days)

Question 15

(T/F) Most horses are infected with equine herpes virus by the age of 2 years old.

Answer 15

(T)

Question 16

Which of the following transmission routes are viable options for herpes virus?

A - Fomites
B - Vertical
C - Direct contact
D - Recrudescence of infection
E - All of the above
F - None of the above

Answer 16

(E)

Question 17

Herpes virus can become latent in infected horses, where does it chillax waiting for a stressful period or corticosteroid usage to peek back out? 2 answers.

Answer 17

(Respiratory lympho-reticular system or the trigeminal ganglion)

Question 18

There are multiple clinical syndromes that are associated with equine herpes virus, one of which is a typical upper respiratory tract infection, what are the other four clinical syndromes?

Answer 18

(Pulmonary vasculotropic infection (can be lethal, causes pulmonary edema), late-term abortion (primarily EHV-1), neonatal foal death (d/t interstitial pneumonia), and myeloencephalopathy)

Question 19

Neurologic signs associated with herpes virus are due to mutation of which strain of herpes virus?

Answer 19

(EHV-1)

Question 20

Abortions caused by equine herpes virus are early/mid/late (choose) term.

Answer 20

(Late term)

Question 21

Broodmares should be vaccinated against herpes virus at what months of gestation to prevent abortion?

Answer 21

(5, 7, 9, 11)

Question 22

If you are presented with an equine abortion case that occurred at 6 months of gestation, the mare currently has respiratory signs, and the fetus is autolyzed, what virus is your top differential?

Answer 22

(Equine viral arteritis → abortion occurs from 3-10 months of gestation, mare usually has resp signs at time of abortion and fetus is autolyzed, while herpes → always 5 months or greater into gestation, mares typically had resp signs a few weeks/months ago, and fetus will not be autolyzed)

Question 23

Persistent infection of equine viral arteritis in stallions is dependent on the presence of which hormone?

Answer 23

(Testosterone)

Question 24

Why might infection of the retropharyngeal lymph node with Strep equi equi not be associated with any swelling?

Answer 24

(Bc they can rupture into the medial floor of the guttural pouch and drain there)

Question 25

What is the treatment for donkey lungworms (Dictyocaulus arnfieldi) that causes eosinophilia, which can be seen on a TTW?

Answer 25

(Ivermectin)

Question 26

What are the three causes for pleural effusion in horses?

Answer 26

(Secondary to pulmonary lymphatic blockage by pneumonic exudate (i.e. secondary to pneumonia), secondary to thoracic neoplasia, and penetrating wound/trauma)

Question 27

What type of history is often associated with infectious pleuritis?

Answer 27

(Stress, transport, recent viral infection, strenuous exercise, and general anesthesia)

Question 28

Why may horses with pleuropneumonia be confused with horses with colic, laminitis, and/or myositis?

Answer 28

(Because they take up a base wide stance d/t pleurodynia)

Question 29

What virus is equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis associated with?

Answer 29

(EHV-5)

Question 30

What is the most common neoplasia of the equine airway?

Answer 30

(Granular cell tumor)