Infectious Lung Dzs Flashcards
What are the acute signs of equine respiratory viruses? 4 answers.
(High fever, general malaise, cough that often persists for several weeks, and clear to mucoid nasal discharge; some viruses can also acutely cause local lnn swelling/tenderness and limb/ventral edema)
Pair the following time period in a viral infection with the suggestive clinical pathology that would be found during that time:
Acute
A - Mild to moderate neutrophilia
B - Leukopenia with mild to moderate lymphopenia
C - Monocytosis
B
Pair the following time period in a viral infection with the suggestive clinical pathology that would be found during that time:
After several days
A - Mild to moderate neutrophilia
B - Leukopenia with mild to moderate lymphopenia
C - Monocytosis
A
Pair the following time period in a viral infection with the suggestive clinical pathology that would be found during that time:
During early convalescence
A - Mild to moderate neutrophilia
B - Leukopenia with mild to moderate lymphopenia
C - Monocytosis
C
(T/F) Fibrinogen is always increased with viral respiratory infections in horses.
(F, fibrinogen is usually normal if there is not secondary bacterial infection)
(T/F) Modified live vaccines have a chance of stimulating cell mediated responses.
(T, killed vaccines have no chance of stimulating CMI)
The equine respiratory panels that Davis, Cornell, and Idexx have available are which of the following tests:
A - ELISA
B - Virus neutralization
C - PCR
D - IHC
(C)
Are RNA or DNA viruses more fragile and less likely to survive in mucosal discharge?
(RNA (influenza and viral arteritis are RNA)
What are the common equine respiratory viruses? 4 answers.
(Equine influenza, equine herpesvirus 1, equine herpesvirus 4, and equine viral arteritis)
Antigenic drift/shift (choose) is the change of antigenicity within a viral subtype?
(Drift)
What is antigenic drift?
(The change of antigenicity within a viral subtype → mild change in surface antigens but they maintain the same category)
What is antigenic shift?
(Development of a new viral subtype → H3N8 versus H7N7)
Which type of equine influenza is associated with more severe disease?
(H3N8)
What is the incubation period for equine herpes virus?
(2-10 days)
(T/F) Most horses are infected with equine herpes virus by the age of 2 years old.
(T)
Which of the following transmission routes are viable options for herpes virus?
A - Fomites
B - Vertical
C - Direct contact
D - Recrudescence of infection
E - All of the above
F - None of the above
(E)
Herpes virus can become latent in infected horses, where does it chillax waiting for a stressful period or corticosteroid usage to peek back out? 2 answers.
(Respiratory lympho-reticular system or the trigeminal ganglion)
There are multiple clinical syndromes that are associated with equine herpes virus, one of which is a typical upper respiratory tract infection, what are the other four clinical syndromes?
(Pulmonary vasculotropic infection (can be lethal, causes pulmonary edema), late-term abortion (primarily EHV-1), neonatal foal death (d/t interstitial pneumonia), and myeloencephalopathy)
Neurologic signs associated with herpes virus are due to mutation of which strain of herpes virus?
(EHV-1)
Abortions caused by equine herpes virus are early/mid/late (choose) term.
(Late term)
Broodmares should be vaccinated against herpes virus at what months of gestation to prevent abortion?
(5, 7, 9, 11)
If you are presented with an equine abortion case that occurred at 6 months of gestation, the mare currently has respiratory signs, and the fetus is autolyzed, what virus is your top differential?
(Equine viral arteritis → abortion occurs from 3-10 months of gestation, mare usually has resp signs at time of abortion and fetus is autolyzed, while herpes → always 5 months or greater into gestation, mares typically had resp signs a few weeks/months ago, and fetus will not be autolyzed)
Persistent infection of equine viral arteritis in stallions is dependent on the presence of which hormone?
(Testosterone)
Why might infection of the retropharyngeal lymph node with Strep equi equi not be associated with any swelling?
(Bc they can rupture into the medial floor of the guttural pouch and drain there)
What is the treatment for donkey lungworms (Dictyocaulus arnfieldi) that causes eosinophilia, which can be seen on a TTW?
(Ivermectin)
What are the three causes for pleural effusion in horses?
(Secondary to pulmonary lymphatic blockage by pneumonic exudate (i.e. secondary to pneumonia), secondary to thoracic neoplasia, and penetrating wound/trauma)
What type of history is often associated with infectious pleuritis?
(Stress, transport, recent viral infection, strenuous exercise, and general anesthesia)
Why may horses with pleuropneumonia be confused with horses with colic, laminitis, and/or myositis?
(Because they take up a base wide stance d/t pleurodynia)
What virus is equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis associated with?
(EHV-5)
What is the most common neoplasia of the equine airway?
(Granular cell tumor)
