seperation techniques

Question 1

decanting

Answer 1

solid is dense and occurs in large chunks (sand/ iron filings) - tipping off liquid

Question 2

filtration

Answer 2

solid composed of fine particles - forms suspension

Question 3

to obtain solid from solution

Answer 3

solution heated in evaporation basin
water evaporates leaving solid
for good crystals- solution evaporated to 1/3 of original volume and left to cool and crystallise

Question 4

to obtain liquid from solution

distillation

Answer 4

solution placed in flask and heated
liquid evaporates
vapour turns back tot liquid in condenser
pure liquid collected at end of condenser

Question 5

to separate soluble solid and an insoluble solid

Answer 5

solvent added to mixture
soluble solid dissolves
mixture heated and stirred to speed up dissolving
placed into filter paper in filter tunnel
soluble solid goes through filter in solution(filtrate)
insoluble solid left in filter paper (residue)

Question 6

to separate immiscible liquids

Answer 6

(do not mix)
placed into separating funnel- 2 layers formed
tap opener- liquid comes out

Question 7

to separate miscible liquids

fractional distillation

Answer 7

(do mix)
placed into flask
heated
liquid of lower boiling point distils over
higher boiling point remains