polymers

Question 1

monomer

Answer 1

single units which may be joined together to make polymer

alkenes- contain reactive double bond

Question 2

polymer

Answer 2

long chain formed when 1000-10,000+ monomers joined together bY ADDITIONAL POLYMERISATION

Question 3

additional polymerisation

Answer 3

double bonds broken
continuation bonds extrude either side of polymer section
saturated chain formed

Question 4

poly(propene)

Answer 4

withstands high temp (160*C)

ropes, autoclave (steriliser) containers, rugs, buckets, bottles that contain chemicals

Question 5

poly(ethane)

Answer 5

LDPE low density
plastic bags, cling film

HDPE
dustbins, motorcycle helmets

Question 6

poly(chlorethene)

Answer 6

plugs, gas pipes, water drain pipes, clothing, window frames, replaces metal

Question 7

disposal of polymers

Answer 7

incineration-
exothermic
releases toxic fumes
chlorofluorocarbons

landfills-
plastic out of way
landspace, smelly

recycling-
further use
labour intensive

biodegradable-
starch/ carb added during manufacture- breaks down by bacteria over several years

Question 8

alcohols

Answer 8

functional group O-H
(hydroxyl group)

methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol

CnH2n+1

Question 9

fermentation

Answer 9

yeast, sugar, starch solution
temp 30-40 (over-enzymes denature)
anaerobic- closed vessel
enzymes break down sugars

batch process- 20-60 hours

CbH12O6 —> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
purification needed- fractional distillation (immiscible)

can’t make pure alcohol- excess of 15% alcohol in reaction mixture will kill yeast

Question 10

hydration of ethene using steam

Answer 10

high pressure 60-70 atms
300*
catalyst- phosphoric acid H3PO4

continuous process- 24 hours a day
ethene and steam fed in at one end of
reaction container, unreacted ethene recycled

C2H4 + H2O —> C2H5OH

Question 11

condensation polymerisation

Answer 11

when 2 larger monomers join together with release of small molecule (water/ hydrogen chloride)

Question 12

difference of cracking and polymerisation

Answer 12

cracking- breaks down C-C bonds
long chain to short chain
poly- breaks down double bonds
small molecules join together to make long molecules 
uses alkanes and alkenes