Separtion Flashcards
Why do we need to separate mixtures?
-To obtain useful substances
-To study the properties
-To avoid unwanted consequences
What are all the different ways of separation techniques?
-Magnetic attraction
-Sieving
-Sublimation
-Filtration
-Evaporation
-Crystallisation
-Simple distillation
-Reverse osmosis
What are all the different ways of separation to separate a solid from a mixture with 2 solids?
-Magnetic attraction
-Sieving
-Sublimation
What are all the different ways of separation to separate a liquid from a mixture with a solid and liquid
-Filtration
-Evaporation
-Crystallisation
-Simple distillation
-Reverse osmosis
What are all the different ways of separation to separate a liquid from a mixture with 2 liquids?
-Chromatography
-Fractional distillation
How does magnetic attraction separate?
Magnets attract magnetic materials, separating them from non-magnetic materials in a mixture.
How does Sieving separate?
-A sieve separates particles in a mixture based on size
-The smaller particles pass through the pores of the sieve, leaving the larger particles behind
How does sublimation separate?
-It is used when one of the solid substances can change from a solid into a gas directly when heated.
-Examples of substances that can be changed from a solid to a gas directly is dry ice, iodine crystals and naphthalene
How does Filtration separate?
-In filtration, particles of different substances are separated based on their ability to pass through the pores of the filter paper
-Similar to sieving, filtration separates substances based on their size, allowing smaller particles or liquids to pass through the pores while retaining larger particles.
-Before using the filtration paper, wet the paper first
What is the residue?
-The solid that is left on the filter paper after filtration
-The residue is always in its solid state
What is filtrate?
-The liquid that passes through the filter paper
- The filtrate is always in its liquid state
How does reserve osmosis separate?
-It uses a special type of membrane, which is a partially permeable membrane that allows only certain subtances to pass through
How does evaporation separate?
-It is a method to separate a dissolved solute from a solution by heating the solution to dryness
-The solvent changes from a liquid to a gas at a much lower temperature than the solute
-This allows the solvent to evaporate completely
How does crystallization separate?
-Crystallization is the process of obtaining soluble solute crystals from a solution
How does distillation separate?
-The mixture is heated until the liquid with a lower boiling point boils and changes into vapor
-When a vapor touches the cool surface of the condenser, it condenses and flows into the receiving flask
How does Chromatography separate?
-Chromatography is used to separate and identify small amounts of substances that are dissolved in a solvent, such as locating dyes in a colored ink
-The component that that moves the furthest is the most soluble component while the component that moves the least distance is the least soluble component
