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Chemistry > Separation and Identification * > Flashcards

Separation and Identification * Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of mixtures are filtration used for?

A

mixture of insoluble solid with a liquid or solution
mixture of solids suspended in gases

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2
Q

What is an example of filtration?

A

separating sand from salty water

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3
Q

What type of mixture is crystallisation used for?

A

mixture of a soluble solid with a liquid

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4
Q

What is an example of crystallisation?

A

copper sulphate crystals from copper sulphate solution

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5
Q

What type of mixtures are simple distillation used for?

A

mixture of 2 miscible liquids with a large difference in boiling point
mixture of a soluble solid with a solvent

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6
Q

What is an example of simple distillation?

A

pure water from and ink and water mixture

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7
Q

What type of mixtures are fractional distillation used for?

A

mixture of two or more miscible liquids with different boiling points
mixture of a soluble solid with a solvent

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8
Q

What is an example of fractional distillation?

A

separating crude oil into separate groups of hydrocarbons of similar molecular size

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9
Q

What type of mixture is paper chromatography used for?

A

a mixture of soluble dyes or inks

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10
Q

What is an example of paper chromatography?

A

separating different dyes in an ink

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11
Q

What is the test to identify hydrogen and what shows a positive result?

A
  • add magnesium ribbon to test tube
  • add 2cm of HCl and cover top with another test tube
  • put lit splint into top test tube

squeaky pop

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12
Q

What is the test to identify oxygen and what shows a positive result?

A
  • add magnese oxide to test tube
  • add 2cm of hydrogen peroxide
  • cover top with another test tube
  • blow out a lit splint and put it in the top test tube

the splint will relight

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13
Q

What is the test to identify carbon dioxide and what shows a positive result?

A
  • add marble chips to a boiling tube
  • 2cm of limewater in test tube
  • add 2cm of HCl to boiling tube
  • put bung in boiling tube with the end in the limewater

limewater turns cloudy

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14
Q

What is the test to identify ammonia and what shows a positive result?

A

damp red litmus paper

turns blue

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15
Q

What is the test to identify chlorine and what shows a positive result?

A

damp blue litmus paper

turns red then bleaches

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16
Q

How do you test for positive ions with sodium hydroxide solution?

What happens to each salt solution :

Iron sulphate
Iron chloride
Copper chloride
Aluminium salt solution
Calcium chloride
Ammonium hydroxide

A
  • add the salt solution to test tube
  • add sodium hydroxide drop by drop
  • swirl after each drop
  • if no precipitate is formed test for ammonia using damp red litmus paper

iron sulphate - dark green precipitate
iron chloride - orange/brown precipitate
copper chloride - green/blue precipitate
aluminium salt - white precipitate and dissolves
calcium chloride - white precipitate and dissolves
ammonium hydroxide - damp red litmus paper turns blue

17
Q

What is a precipitate?

A

an insoluble solid formed in a reaction involving gases or liquids

18
Q

What colour flame do these substances produce:

lithium chloride
sodium chloride
potassium chloride
calcium chloride
copper sulfate

A

lithium chloride - red/pink
sodium chloride - orange
potassium chloride - lilac
calcium chloride - orange/red
copper sulfate - blue/green

19
Q

What is a flame photometer?

A

an instrument used to identify metal ions and work out the concentration of metal ions in a solution

20
Q

How do you test for negative ions (carbonates)?

What type of reaction is this?

A
  • add dilute HCl to the substance
  • carbonates fizz because they give off carbon dioxide
  • carry out the limewater test :
    • suck up carbon dioxide using a pipette
    • bubble through limewater
    • lime water turns cloudy is carbon dioxide is present

neutralisation reaction

21
Q

How do you test for negative ions (sulphates)?

What type of reaction is this?

A
  • dissolve sulphate in distilled water
  • add dilute HCl to solution
  • add 2cm of this solution to a test tube
  • add barium chloride solution drop by drop
  • dense white precipitate will form

precipitation reaction

22
Q

How do you test for a halide (Cl, Br, I)?

What colour precipitate forms for each halide?

What kind of reaction is this?

A
  • dissolve halide in distilled water
  • add 2cm of halide solution to a test tube
  • add a few drops of nitric acid
  • add 6-12 drops of silver nitrate solution
  • precipitate will form

chloride - white precipitate
bromide - cream precipitate
iodide - yellow precipitate

precipitation reaction

23
Q

Why do we use distilled water?

A

it has no ions which could cause a false positive

Chemistry (16 decks)

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