(James) bonding *

Question 1

What is covalent bonding?

Answer 1

a shared pair of electrons between two atoms

Question 2

Covalent bonding - fill the gaps :
- only ___-_____ elements can form covalent bonds
- when two atoms overlap they ____ a ____ of ________ and a covalent bond is formed
- the particle formed by this kind of bonding is a _______
- if the atoms bonded are all the same type, the substance is an ________
- if the atoms bonded are different types, the substance is a _______

Answer 2

• only non-metal elements can form covalent bonds
• when two atoms overlap they share a pair of electrons and a covalent bond is formed
• the particle formed by this kind of bonding is a molecule
• if the atoms bonded are all the same type, the substance is an element
• if the atoms bonded are different types, the substance is a compound

Question 3

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 3

a transfer of electrons from one atom to the other to produce an ion
(electrons are given to gain a full outer shell)
the substance is held together by strong electrical attractions between positive and negative ions

Question 4

Ionic bonding - fill the gaps :
- ionic bonds are formed when an ______ from the _____- shell of a ____ atom are transferred to the ____-shell of a ___-_____ atom
- the _____ atom ____ an electron(s), and the ___-____ atom _____ an electron(s)
- both atoms make a ____ _____-____
- as a result, the number of ________ (- charge) and _______ (+ charge) are no longer _____
- this means the two atoms have been changed into two _________ ______ ions
- they remain bonded due to the _________ forces between them

Answer 4

• ionic bonds are formed when an electron from the outer- shell of a metal atom are transferred to the outer-shell of a non-metal atom
• the metal atom loses an electron(s), and the non-metal atom gains an electron(s)
• both atoms make a full outer-shell
• as a result, the number of electrons (- charge) and protons (+ charge) are no longer equal
• this means the two atoms have been changed into two oppositely charged ions
• they remain bonded due to the electrostatic forces between them

Question 5

What is a positive ion?

Answer 5

cation

Question 6

What is a negative ion?

Answer 6

anion

Question 7

What is metallic bonding?

Answer 7

strong electrostatic attraction between positive ions in a sea of delocalised electrons (which can move around)