Separating Mixtures Flashcards
What is a pure substance?
A pure substance is one in which all particles are same
What is a mixture?
A mixture is one in which all particles are different
What is decanting?
method to separate insoluble solid from liquid by carefully pouring off liquid or spinning mixture in centrifuge to make solid settle at bottom
What is filtration?
better method to separate insoluble solid from a liquid by pouring mixture into filter funnel which includes holes, liquid can pass through holes but solid stays at stop
What is evaporation?
method to separate soluble solid from a solution by evaporating the solvent in an evaporating basin which results in solid staying behind but if solvent is flammable, the solution is heated with a water bath to avoid it catching fire
What is crystallisation?
another way to separate soluble solid from solution by evaporating some of the solvent and then letting the solute slowly crystallise, solution is usually heated until crystals start to from then left to cool
What is distillation?
method to separate solvent from solution by evaporating and condensing the solvent, solution heated and solvent evaporates but instead of vapour escaping into air, directed into cold tube in which it condenses
What is fractional distillation?
is method to separate two liquids that are miscible by heating mixture and liquid with lowest boiling point will boil first, condenses and vaporises in water-cooled condenser before other liquid boils
What is a separating funnel?
method to separate two liquids that are immiscible by placing liquids into separating funnel where they form two layers with most dense liquid at the bottom, bottom layer is run off through a tap
What is chromatography?
method to separate soluble substances by placing mixture on piece of chromatography paper and then solvent is allowed to soak up paper, most soluble substance in mixture travels further up paper and least soluble shortest distance
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