Separating Mixtures Flashcards
What is filtration?
Separates an insoluble solid from a liquid
What is the name of the insoluble solid left in the filter paper?
Residue
What is the name of the liquid that is now in the beaker/flask?
Filtrate
What is the name of the paper used in the filter funnel?
Filter paper
What is crystallisation or evaporation?
Separates a soluble solid from a liquid
What is the process of crystallisation?
Solution is placed in an evaporating basin
heated with a bunsen burner.
Solution evaporates
Solid crystals are left behind
What is simple distillation?
Separates a liquid solvent from a dissolved solid
What is the process of simple distillation?
Set up the apparatus with the solution in the flask fitted with a condenser
Solution is heated with a bunsen burner
Solution evaporates and the vapors rise and pass through the condenser
The condenser is surrounded with cold water
Vapour condenses and soute drops in the flask
This leaves the soluble solid in the flask and the pure water in the beaker
What is an example of simple distillation in real life?
Purifying salty water
What is fractional distillation?
Separate two or more liquids which have different boiling points
What is important to control during fractional distillation?
The temperature
What do you find in a fractional distillation apparatus that you don’t find in simple distillation and what does it do?
Fractionating colour, it slows down the vapours so it is easier to separate them
What is used to heat the flask as a alternative to bunsen burner?
Electric heater
What is paper chromatography?
Separates two or more dissolved solids from a solution
What is the process of paper chromatography?
Draw a pencil line onto a filter paper
Spots of ink or dye are placed along it
Place solvent on the beaker
Solvent travels up the paper
Different coloured substances spread apart
