SEPA OF DISSOLVED LIQUIDS Flashcards
focuses on extracting solids from
solutions or purifying liquid mixtures based on boiling points.
Separation of Dissolved Liquids
A method that separates
components based on their
interactions with a stationary phase
and a mobile phase.
Chromatography
involves transferring a solute from
one liquid phase to another,
typically between an aqueous
phase and an organic solvent.
SOLVENT EXTRACTION
refers to the process of
extracting substances from a solid
material by dissolving them in a
liquid
Leaching
operates on the
principle of differential partitioning
between a stationary phase and a
mobile phase, allowing components
of a mixture to be separated based on
their varying affinities for these phases.
Chromatography
As
the mobile phase moves, components
with stronger interactions with the
stationary phase will migrate more
slowly, while those with greater affinity
for the mobile phase will travel faster,
leading to separation
Chromatography
In Gas chromatography, these are used as the mobile phase
Inert gas like helium and nitrogen
Introduces the sample into the gas stream, often using an autoinjector for precision
Injector
A tube filled with a stationary phase where separation occurs; can be
packed or capillary
Column
Detector: Identifies and quantifies the separated components, commonly
using techniques like
Flame ionization
Mass Spectrometry
In liquid chromatography, it holds the mobile phase (solvent) used in the separation
process.
Solvent Reservoir
Delivers the mobile phase through the system at a controlled flow rate,
essential for consistency in results
Pump
Similar to GC, it introduces the sample into the liquid stream.
Injector
In LC; Detector: Identifies components post-separation; types include
UV Spectromhotometers
Flurescence detectors
mass spectrometers
Flat plates coated with a thin layer of adsorbent material (like
silica gel).
Thin-Layer Chromatography
: Sealed container where solvent is added to allow
capillary action to separate components on the plate.
Developing chamber
In paper chromatography, what acts s the stationary phase
Specialized absorbent paper
In Column chromatography, this holds the solvent that will be used to elute components through the column
Eluent Reservoir
these
columns contain charged resins that selectively bind ions
Ion Exchange Columns:
these
columns separate molecules based on size using porous beads
Size exclusion Columns
e often paired in various industrial
processes, particularly in the fields of hydrometallurgy and chemical
engineering, due to their complementary roles in the separation and
purification of valuable compounds.
Solvent Extraction and Leaching
: Leaching is described as the process where solid
materials, such as ores, are treated with a solvent to dissolve desired
components, resulting in a solution known as
PLS (Pregnant Leach Solution)
involves bringing solid materials into contact with a liquid solvent to dissolve
specific constituents, leading to the formation of a concentrated solution
Leaching
selectively separates
and concentrates specific metals or compounds from the leachate using
immiscible organic solvents that preferentially dissolve target solutes
Solvent Extraction
(the liquid containing
dissolved substances) f
Leahcate
In some leaching processes, ____may be employed to
accelerate the separation of liquid and solid phases by spinning the mixture at
high speeds.
centrifuges
These units separate the solvent from the extracted meal,
ensuring that the final product is free from residual solvents. They typically use
heat and vacuum to facilitate this process
Desolventizers
(the mixture of
solvent and extracted compounds
Miscella
These systems minimize solvent loss by
capturing and recycling solvents used in the extraction process, enhancing
efficiency and reducing costs.
Solvent Recovery Systems
: Integrated into extraction setups to improve energy
efficiency by recovering heat from various processes
Heat Recovery Systems
