LIQUID-LIQUID SEPARATION Flashcards
is a separation
technique that takes advantage of
different solubilities of a product in two
co-existing liquid phases
LL Extraction
can be carried out in batch
mode using mixers/reactors or in
continuous mode using mixer-settlers and
extraction columns
Extraction
In LL Separation the choice of equipment depends on?
Mass transfer
Phase separation
Need for visual observation
Mechanism of LL SEpa
Interaction of Phases
Equilibrium Establishment
Seapration
When two immiscible
liquids (such as water and
an organic solvent) are
brought together, the
solute tends to migrate
from one phase to another.
Interaction of phases
Once the mixture is
agitated, an equilibrium is
established where the
solute’s concentration
becomes consistent across
both phases
Equilibrium establishment
After reaching equilibrium, the
two liquids can be separated
by various means such as
Decantation
Cetrifugation
Extraction column or separators
Methods of LL Sepa
LL Extraction
Decantation
Centrifugation
DLLME
This method uses two immiscible
solvents to transfer a specific
solute from one phase to another. It
is often performed in batch or
continuous modes using mixers.
LLE
This involves pouring off one
liquid layer from another based
on density differences. It is
useful for separating immiscible
liquids
Decantation
This technique uses centrifugal
force to separate components
based on their densities, allowing
for more rapid separation than
gravity methods
Centrifugation
Extracting small amounts of organic compounds from
samples, functioning by injecting a
dispersive solvent along with the
extracting solvent into the sample,
promoting rapid extraction
Dispersive LL Microextraction
These devices primarily utilize gravity to separate immiscible
liquid phases, allowing for the efficient extraction of one
phase from another
Decanters (Settlers)
Involves introducing the mixture
into a large tank, allowing it to sit
undisturbed for a period. Over
time, the heavier liquid settles to
the bottom, while the lighter liquid
floats above.
Decanters (Settlers)
are an effective and often used
apparatus for the separation of droplets from liquids.
The separation is accomplished by coalescing the
droplets on inclined plates
Plate separator
Other word for plate separator
Plate intereceptors
are
designed to separate two immiscible liquids
utilizing a series of parallel plates. These
plates create zones where liquid flowing
downward can settle solids efficiently before
exiting the system.
Plate separators, or plate intereceptors
is a device that
separates fluid mixtures into their components by
causing liquid aerosols to come together and form
larger droplets
Coalescer or Coalescing Filter
Process of separating fluid mixtures into their components by
causing liquid aerosols to come together and form
larger droplets
Coalesence
Two types of Coalescer
Mechanical
Electrostatic
Use baffles or wires to
enhance the coalescence
of dispersed droplets,
making them easier to
separate
Mechanical
Apply an electric field to
encourage the merging of
droplets in emulsions
Electrostatic
Devices utilized to separate components of
different densities within a mixture using centrifugal
force
CENTR
MAIN APPLICATION
IFUGAL
SEPARATOR
By rapidly spinning the mixture within a
container, denser particles are forced
outward to the walls, while lighter
components remain closer to the center.
This method significantly accelerates the
separation process compared to
gravitational methods.
CENTRIFUGAL
SEPARATOR
Types of Centrifugal separators
Disc-Stack
Tubular Bowl
High-speed centrifuges with
stacked discs that enhance
separation efficiency. Used
for mixtures with very small
density differences.
Disc-stack
Effective for small-scale,
high-purity separations
Tubular-Bowl
