Sentence Structure Flashcards
What are the four types of sentences
- Statement
- Question
- Command
- Exclamation
What is the mood of a statement
Indicative/declarative mood
What is the mood of a question
Interrogative mood
What is the mood of a command/instructions
Imperative mood
What is the mood of wishful thinking/ sentences
Subjunctive mood
What is the subject
Anything that carries out the action of the verb
It will always be a noun or noun-equivalent
What is the predicate
The part of the sentence that modifies(expands on) the subject.
Includes the verb/ verbal phrase as well as adjectival or adverbial words/ phrases
What is the object
The receiver of the action
What is the verb
The action.
What are the two types of phrases and clauses
adjectival( when they describe the noun) or adverbial (when they describe the verb, adjective or other adverbs)
What is a phrase
A group of words that lacks either a finite verb or a subject or both
What is a clause
Contains a finite verb
What is a main clause
- Can stand on its own
- Has a subject and a finite verb
- Has a tense
- Expresses one complete idea
What is a subordinate clause
- Cannot stand on its own
- Does not express one complete idea
- Needs the main clause to make sense
What does a sentence need to be grammatically correct
A subject and finite verb
Why would a sentence fragment be used in written English. What is the function of it
#To create a dramatic #to generate pace and excitement #to indicate confusion or bewilderment
Explain the subject-verb concord
The subject must agree with the verb In two aspects: number and person
We must match a singular subject with the singular form of the verb, and a plural subject with the plural form of the verb
What is a direct object
They name the things to whom (or to which) the verbs happened directly
What is an indirect object
A person or thing affected by the whole action
What is a transitive verb
The object follows the verb
What is an intransitive verb
The object does not follow the verb
What is a phrase
A group of words that does not contain a finite verb
has a noun or no verb
has a verb or no noun
What is a clause
A group of words that does contain a finite verb
what is a homophone
words that sound the same but don’t have the same spelling or meaning
what is a homonym
words that have the same name (sound the same and spelled the same) but they have different meanings.
what is a homograph
words that are written the same (same spelling and are pronounced differently and have a different meaning)
- read through different homophones (essential reference) pg 46-48
- read through different homonyms pg 49-50
what are the two types of verbs we can get
- Transitive verbs (has a direct object)
2. Intransitive verbs (has no object)
what are the two types of clauses
main/ independent clause
subordinate/ dependent clause
describe a simple sentence
Contains just one main clause and no conjunctions
describe a compound sentence
Contains two or more main clauses, but no subordinate clauses.
co-ordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS)
describe a complex sentence
Contains one main clause and one/more subordinate clauses.
Contains a subordinating conjunctions (ON A WHITE BUS)
describe a compound/ complex sentence
Two/more main clauses and at least one subordinate clause.
Explain how to identify a statement sentence
- states something with no heightened emotion
- has a full stop
Explain how to identify a question sentence
- asks something
- has a question mark
Explain how to identify a exclamation sentence
- exclaims about something
- has an exclamation mark
Explain how to identify a command sentence
- tells you to do something
- has a full stop or exclamation mark
describe active voice
the subject does the action
word order = S + V + O
Describe passive voice
the subject is acted on (done to)
word order = O + V + S
Describe a loose sentence
main clause + subordinating clause
Describe a balanced sentence
Main clause + main clause
Describe a periodic sentence
subordinatining clause + main clause
what are the three types of phrases
- Adverbial phrase
- Prepositional phrase
- Verb phrase
what is an adverbial phrase
a group of words that act together as an adverb, giving more information about a verb, adjective, or other adverb in a sentence.
what are the 4 types of adverbial phrases
- Time
- Place
- Manner
- Reason
what is a prepositional phrase
a group of words that act together as a preposition, giving more information about either the adjective or the adverb
what do verb phrases include
an auxiliary, or helping verb of main verb
give examples of helping verbs
be, such, as, am, is, are, were, was, being and been, forms of have, forms of do, forms of can, will, would, and shall, and forms of should
