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Histology Test 4-Brendan > Sensory Systems-Eye > Flashcards

Sensory Systems-Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 layers of the wall of the eye?

A

Fibrous coat=outer
Vascular/uveal coat=middle
retinal coat=middle

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2
Q

The outer fibrous coat of the eye consists of the ____ and ____

A

cornea, sclera

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3
Q

The vascular/uveal coat of the eye consists of the ____, _____ ____, and _____

A

iris, ciliary body, choroid

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4
Q

The inner retinal coat consists of 2 things:

A

retinal pigmented epithelium and neural retina

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5
Q

There are three chambers of the eye: ___, ___, ____

A

anterior, posterior, vitreous cavity

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6
Q

The ____ chamber is located between the cornea and iris

A

anterior

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7
Q

The ____ chamber is located between the back of the iris and lens, with attached fibers

A

posterior

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8
Q

The _____ is located between the lens and retina

A

vitreous cavity

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9
Q

The cornea is transparent and has a ____ shape to aid in focusing light and images onto the ____

A

convex

retina

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10
Q

The _____ is avascular. Its central part gets nutrients by diffusion from the ____ ____. The peripheral part is supplied by blood from ____ ____.

A

cornea
aqueous humor
limbus vessels

Fun turek fact that doesn’t fit anywhere: The cornea can be transplanted without rejection.

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11
Q

From anterior to posterior, what are the 5 layers of the cornea?

A

epithelium, bowman’s layer, stroma, decemet’s membrane, corneal endothelium

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12
Q

The corneal epithelium is _____ ____ ____ epithelium with small microvilli. It has ____ receptors and can regenerate

A

non-keratinized stratified squamous

pain

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13
Q

The ______ layer of the cornea is a layer of type 1 collagen that cannot regenerate.

A

bowman’s

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14
Q

The stroma of the cornea consists of a lattice of type __ and type ___ collagen fibers with an ECM rich in ____ and ____ ______

A

1, 5

chondroitin and keratin sulfate

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15
Q

_____ membrane is a thick basement membrane produced by corneal _____

A

decemet’s

endothelium

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16
Q

The corneal endothelium surface faces the _____ _____ _____. _____ intracellular spaces prevent leakage of fluid into the corneal stroma

A

anterior eye chamber

impermeable

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17
Q

The sclera is continuous with the cornea and is connected by the _____

A

limbus

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18
Q

The ____ provides protection and structural support, as well as an inesertion point for the extra-ocular muscles.

A

sclera

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19
Q

The limbus is adjacent to the _____ _____ and ____ ____ ____

A

trabeculae meshwork

canal of schlemm

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20
Q

Aqueous humor is produced by the ____ ____ epithelium. Obstruction of the aqueous humor flow leads to increased eye pressure in the eye, which can cause _____

A

ciliary body

glaucoma

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21
Q

What is the pathway for flow of aqueous humor?

A

ciliary body–>anterior chamber–>trabecular meshwork–>canal of schlemm–>aqeuous veins–>episcleral veins

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22
Q

The ____ is the highly vascular nutrient supplier to all eye layers. It contains ____

A

choroid
melanin

in notes, he talks about the 3 layers, but he said we didn’t need to know those

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23
Q

The ciliary body consists of a ____ and _____ portion

A

uveal

neuroepithelial

24
Q

The uveal portion of the ciliary body consists of the outer layer of the ______ (Called superciliaris), the ciliary muscle attached to the _____ _____, and a layer of _____ _____

A

choroid
suspensory ligament
fenestrated capillaries

25
Q

The neuroepithelial portion consists of 2 layers of ciliary body epithelium folded to form the ____ ____. Epitheliun in this region produces the ____ ____

A

ciliary processes

aqueous humor

26
Q

A change in the corneal-irideal angle is the first indication of _____

A

glaucoma

27
Q

The iris is a continuation of the ____ ___. The anterior part of the uvea has ____ ____ which controls the size of the pupil

A

ciliary body

smooth muscle

28
Q

The iris contains 2 smooth muscle layers: ____ and ____. Parasympathetic innervation causes ____ of the pupill. Sympathetic innervation causes _____ of the pupil.

A

circular and radial
constriction (via constrictor muscle)
dilation (via dilator muscle)

29
Q

The lens is (avascular or vascular), transparent and elastic, and _____ in shape

A

avascular

biconvex

30
Q

The lens is enclosed in a thick basement membrane-like material called the ____

A

capsule

31
Q

The lens changes in shape when tension on the _____ ____ fibers (_____ fibers) changes.

A

suspensory ligament

zonular

32
Q

The ____ ____ is gel like and transparent. It consists of water and hyaluronic acid and fills the vitreous chamber. It keeps the ____ and ____ in place

A

vitreous humor

lens, retina

33
Q

A ____ is opacity of the lens and is associated with aging

A

cataract

34
Q

What are the first 2 layers of the retinal epithelium?

A

retinal pigmented epithelium=1
photoreceptors (ie rods and cones)=2

There are 8 others that we don’t need to know

35
Q

The retinal pigmented epithelium ____ scattered light rays. It also performs ____ of worn out discs shed from rods. Finally, the RPE stores and release _____ to photo-receptors

A

absorbs
phagocytosis
vitamin A

36
Q

A detached retina occurs between what layers of the retina?

A

Retinal pigmented epithelium and the neural retina (layers 2-10 collectively)–due to embryonic development

37
Q

Rods are tall ____ cells that funcition in ____ light and _____ vision.

A

cylindrical

low, peripheral

38
Q

The outer segments of rods are modified _____. Rods have discs derived from the plasma membrane that contain _____ pigment, which is a tranducer of light energy.

A

cilia

rhodopsin

39
Q

Cones are involved in ______ vision and ____ light. The outer segments are modified ____

A

color, bright

cilia

40
Q

Cones have discs and pigment sensitive to ____, ____, and ____ light in humans. They are located more _____.

A

red, blue, green

centrally

41
Q

The _____ of the retina contains only cones

A

fovea

42
Q

New discs of photoreceptors are made from ____ and move ____. Cone discs shed and are replaced more _____ than rods.

A

below, upward

slowly

43
Q

The ____ ____ is a papilla where optic nerve fibers exit the retina. There are no _____ here.

A

optic disc

photoreceptors

44
Q

The ____ has no retinal vessels, but ____ ____are abundant on the outside

A

macula, choroid vessels

45
Q

The _____ is located within the macula and is important for ____ ____

A

fovea, visual acuity

46
Q

In a detached retina, the ____ retina separates from the retinal pigmented epithelium and from _____ _____ which feed photoreceptors, especially in the fovea.

A

neural

choroidal capillaries

47
Q

In macular degeneration, the macular area and _____ lose function due to ____ _____ behind the retina degenerating and forming _____ (White spots) and allowing fluid leakage behind the ____.

A

fovea
pigment epithelium
drusen
fovea

48
Q

In macular degeneration, foveal ____ die, causing (central or peripheral) vision loss, and the loss of the ability to see fine detail.

A

cones

central

49
Q

In ____ the pressure within the eye is elevated. This occurs because the _____ eye chamber cannot exchange fluid properly by normal aqueous outflow

A

glaucoma

anterior

50
Q

Increased pressure caused by glaucoma in the vitreous body comprises blood vessels of the ____ ____ and also axons of the _____ cells.

A

optic nerve

ganglion

51
Q

In retinitis pigmentosa, the (rods or cones) of the (peripheral or central) retina degenerate in early stages of the disease

A

rods, peripheral

52
Q

Night blindness is the first sign of ____ _____. Patients develop tunnel vision; only the ____ is spared from degeneration

A

retinitis pigmentosa

fovea

53
Q

A black pigment in the ____ ____ and thinned blood vessels at the ____ _____ head can be observed in retintis pigmentosa

A

peripheral retina

optic nerve

54
Q

In _____ ____, the eye blood vessels become distorted and multiply. It is treated with laser treatment to stop blood vessel proliferation and _____ _____

A

diabetic retinopathy

fluid leakage

55
Q

In hereditary retina dsystrophy, there is an inability of the Retinal Pigmented Epithelium to perform this function:

A

phagocytize worn out discs from rods

56
Q

The lacrimal gland is a compound tuboalveolar gland that secretes tears which drain by ducts into the _____ region. The tears contain _____

A

conjunctival

lysozymes

Histology Test 4-Brendan (4 decks)

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