Sensory Systems-Eye Flashcards
What are the 3 layers of the wall of the eye?
Fibrous coat=outer
Vascular/uveal coat=middle
retinal coat=middle
The outer fibrous coat of the eye consists of the ____ and ____
cornea, sclera
The vascular/uveal coat of the eye consists of the ____, _____ ____, and _____
iris, ciliary body, choroid
The inner retinal coat consists of 2 things:
retinal pigmented epithelium and neural retina
There are three chambers of the eye: ___, ___, ____
anterior, posterior, vitreous cavity
The ____ chamber is located between the cornea and iris
anterior
The ____ chamber is located between the back of the iris and lens, with attached fibers
posterior
The _____ is located between the lens and retina
vitreous cavity
The cornea is transparent and has a ____ shape to aid in focusing light and images onto the ____
convex
retina
The _____ is avascular. Its central part gets nutrients by diffusion from the ____ ____. The peripheral part is supplied by blood from ____ ____.
cornea
aqueous humor
limbus vessels
Fun turek fact that doesn’t fit anywhere: The cornea can be transplanted without rejection.
From anterior to posterior, what are the 5 layers of the cornea?
epithelium, bowman’s layer, stroma, decemet’s membrane, corneal endothelium
The corneal epithelium is _____ ____ ____ epithelium with small microvilli. It has ____ receptors and can regenerate
non-keratinized stratified squamous
pain
The ______ layer of the cornea is a layer of type 1 collagen that cannot regenerate.
bowman’s
The stroma of the cornea consists of a lattice of type __ and type ___ collagen fibers with an ECM rich in ____ and ____ ______
1, 5
chondroitin and keratin sulfate
_____ membrane is a thick basement membrane produced by corneal _____
decemet’s
endothelium
The corneal endothelium surface faces the _____ _____ _____. _____ intracellular spaces prevent leakage of fluid into the corneal stroma
anterior eye chamber
impermeable
The sclera is continuous with the cornea and is connected by the _____
limbus
The ____ provides protection and structural support, as well as an inesertion point for the extra-ocular muscles.
sclera
The limbus is adjacent to the _____ _____ and ____ ____ ____
trabeculae meshwork
canal of schlemm
Aqueous humor is produced by the ____ ____ epithelium. Obstruction of the aqueous humor flow leads to increased eye pressure in the eye, which can cause _____
ciliary body
glaucoma
What is the pathway for flow of aqueous humor?
ciliary body–>anterior chamber–>trabecular meshwork–>canal of schlemm–>aqeuous veins–>episcleral veins
The ____ is the highly vascular nutrient supplier to all eye layers. It contains ____
choroid
melanin
in notes, he talks about the 3 layers, but he said we didn’t need to know those
The ciliary body consists of a ____ and _____ portion
uveal
neuroepithelial
The uveal portion of the ciliary body consists of the outer layer of the ______ (Called superciliaris), the ciliary muscle attached to the _____ _____, and a layer of _____ _____
choroid
suspensory ligament
fenestrated capillaries
The neuroepithelial portion consists of 2 layers of ciliary body epithelium folded to form the ____ ____. Epitheliun in this region produces the ____ ____
ciliary processes
aqueous humor
A change in the corneal-irideal angle is the first indication of _____
glaucoma
The iris is a continuation of the ____ ___. The anterior part of the uvea has ____ ____ which controls the size of the pupil
ciliary body
smooth muscle
The iris contains 2 smooth muscle layers: ____ and ____. Parasympathetic innervation causes ____ of the pupill. Sympathetic innervation causes _____ of the pupil.
circular and radial
constriction (via constrictor muscle)
dilation (via dilator muscle)
The lens is (avascular or vascular), transparent and elastic, and _____ in shape
avascular
biconvex
The lens is enclosed in a thick basement membrane-like material called the ____
capsule
The lens changes in shape when tension on the _____ ____ fibers (_____ fibers) changes.
suspensory ligament
zonular
The ____ ____ is gel like and transparent. It consists of water and hyaluronic acid and fills the vitreous chamber. It keeps the ____ and ____ in place
vitreous humor
lens, retina
A ____ is opacity of the lens and is associated with aging
cataract
What are the first 2 layers of the retinal epithelium?
retinal pigmented epithelium=1
photoreceptors (ie rods and cones)=2
There are 8 others that we don’t need to know
The retinal pigmented epithelium ____ scattered light rays. It also performs ____ of worn out discs shed from rods. Finally, the RPE stores and release _____ to photo-receptors
absorbs
phagocytosis
vitamin A
A detached retina occurs between what layers of the retina?
Retinal pigmented epithelium and the neural retina (layers 2-10 collectively)–due to embryonic development
Rods are tall ____ cells that funcition in ____ light and _____ vision.
cylindrical
low, peripheral
The outer segments of rods are modified _____. Rods have discs derived from the plasma membrane that contain _____ pigment, which is a tranducer of light energy.
cilia
rhodopsin
Cones are involved in ______ vision and ____ light. The outer segments are modified ____
color, bright
cilia
Cones have discs and pigment sensitive to ____, ____, and ____ light in humans. They are located more _____.
red, blue, green
centrally
The _____ of the retina contains only cones
fovea
New discs of photoreceptors are made from ____ and move ____. Cone discs shed and are replaced more _____ than rods.
below, upward
slowly
The ____ ____ is a papilla where optic nerve fibers exit the retina. There are no _____ here.
optic disc
photoreceptors
The ____ has no retinal vessels, but ____ ____are abundant on the outside
macula, choroid vessels
The _____ is located within the macula and is important for ____ ____
fovea, visual acuity
In a detached retina, the ____ retina separates from the retinal pigmented epithelium and from _____ _____ which feed photoreceptors, especially in the fovea.
neural
choroidal capillaries
In macular degeneration, the macular area and _____ lose function due to ____ _____ behind the retina degenerating and forming _____ (White spots) and allowing fluid leakage behind the ____.
fovea
pigment epithelium
drusen
fovea
In macular degeneration, foveal ____ die, causing (central or peripheral) vision loss, and the loss of the ability to see fine detail.
cones
central
In ____ the pressure within the eye is elevated. This occurs because the _____ eye chamber cannot exchange fluid properly by normal aqueous outflow
glaucoma
anterior
Increased pressure caused by glaucoma in the vitreous body comprises blood vessels of the ____ ____ and also axons of the _____ cells.
optic nerve
ganglion
In retinitis pigmentosa, the (rods or cones) of the (peripheral or central) retina degenerate in early stages of the disease
rods, peripheral
Night blindness is the first sign of ____ _____. Patients develop tunnel vision; only the ____ is spared from degeneration
retinitis pigmentosa
fovea
A black pigment in the ____ ____ and thinned blood vessels at the ____ _____ head can be observed in retintis pigmentosa
peripheral retina
optic nerve
In _____ ____, the eye blood vessels become distorted and multiply. It is treated with laser treatment to stop blood vessel proliferation and _____ _____
diabetic retinopathy
fluid leakage
In hereditary retina dsystrophy, there is an inability of the Retinal Pigmented Epithelium to perform this function:
phagocytize worn out discs from rods
The lacrimal gland is a compound tuboalveolar gland that secretes tears which drain by ducts into the _____ region. The tears contain _____
conjunctival
lysozymes
