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Histology Test 4-Brendan > Sensory Systems-Ear > Flashcards

Sensory Systems-Ear Flashcards

1
Q

The external ear consists of the ____ and ____

A

auricle, external auditory meatus

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2
Q

The auricle is an irregularly shaped with an internal plate made of _____ _____. It has thin skin with hair and ____ glands

A

elastic cartilage
sebaceous

I didn’t quite understand the wording of his notes about the cartilage…

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3
Q

The external auditory meatus–>the outer half is supported by ____ ____, while the inner half forms a tunnel in ____ ____

A

elastic cartilage

temporal bone

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4
Q

Thin skin lines the entire meatus and outer surface of ____ ____. The skin contains large ____ glands and coiled tubuloalveolar _____ glands.

A

tympanic membrane
sebaceous
ceruminous

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5
Q

Ear wax is a mixture of _____ and ____ secretions plus _____ meatal cells

A

ceruminous, sebaceous

desquamated

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6
Q

The tympanic cavity houses _____ and is connected to the _____ by the eustachian tube

A

ossicles,

pharynx

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7
Q

The ____ and ____ ____ are small, membrane covered regions devoid of bone that separate the middle ear from the bony labrynth of the inner ear

A

round, oval window

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8
Q

The ossicles (_____, ____, _____) transmits ______ _____ movements to the _____ window

A

malleus, incus, stapes
tympanic membrane
oval

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9
Q

The inner ear consists of a fluid filled _____ labryinth housed iwithin a ____ labryinth. Endolymph is within the ______. Perilymph is fluid outside the ______.

A

membranous, bony
membranous labyrinth
membranous labyrinth

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10
Q

The vestibule contains _____lymph. It houses the ____ and ____, which contain _____lynph

A

perilymph
utricle, saccule
endolymph

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11
Q

The cochlea winds 2.5 times around a bony core called the ____ that has blood vessels and the _____ _____. The osseus spiral lamina is a lateral extension of the _____

A

modiolus
spiral ganglion
modiolus

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12
Q

The cochlea has a thickened periosteum called the ____ ____

A

spiral ligament

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13
Q

The cochlea is subdivided into 3 spaces or “scala.” There are the perilymph filled ____ and _____, and the cochlear duct which is filed with ____ and called _____

A

scala vestibuli, scala tympani

endolymph, scala media

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14
Q

The membranous labyrinth is filled with _____. It is similar to intracellular fluid and has low ___ and ____ content, but high ___ content

A

endolymph
Na, protein
K

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15
Q

The saccule and utricle are located within the ____. They are sac-like bodies of ____ ____ lined by _____ _____ epithelium

A

vestibule
connective tissue
simple squamous

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16
Q

The utricle and saccule each give off a duct. These ducts join and form the _____ _____

A

endolymphatic sac

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17
Q

The specialized region of the utricle and saccule is the _____. It contains 2 types of _____ _____ cells

A

maculae

neuroepithelial hair

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18
Q

Neuroepithelial cells have 50-100 rigid stereocillia (_____ _____) arranged in rows and a single cilium called a _____

A

sensory microvilli
kinocilium

didn’t really understand his notes here

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19
Q

Cilia extend form the apical surface of ___ cells to an overlaping gelatinous layer called the _____ membrane

A

hair

otolithic

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20
Q

Type __ hair cells are columnar with a round, basal nucleus. They contact small afferent nerve terminals with _____ _____

A

2

synaptic vesicles

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21
Q

Type __ hair cells are bulbar in shape with a round nucleus. They are surrounded by a cup shaped _____ nerve ending

A

1

afferent

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22
Q

____ cells are columnar with a round, basal nucleus. They have a prominent terminal web

A

support

23
Q

The otolithic membrane is a thick and gelatinous layer that contains _____. It contains small calcified particles called _____

A

glycoprotein

otoliths

24
Q

The vestibule functions in detection of _____ _____

A

linear acceleration

25
Q

Semicircular ducts arise from the ____. The ____ is a dilated area of semicircular ducts near junction with the ____

A

utricle
ampulla
utricle

26
Q

____ ____ are specialized sensory areas in the ampullae. They have a thicker, cone shaped glycoprotein layer called the ____ and no otoliths

A

cristae ampullares

cupula

27
Q

What movement do semicircular ducts detect?

A

angular acceleration along any of the three axes

28
Q

The endolymphatic sac is lined by ____ cells with an irregularly shaped nucleus with long _____. May find ____ cells in the lumen that function in endolymph reabsorption

A

columnar
microvilli
phagocytic

29
Q

The cochlear duct is a specialized area of the ____ that has the spiral _____ ___ _____.

A

saccule

organ of corti

30
Q

The scala ____ lies above the cochlear duct and the scala _____ lies below. Both contain _____ and communicate with each other by a small hole near the cochlear apex called the _____

A

vestibuli
tympani
perilymph
helioctrema

31
Q

The ____ _____ is composed of 2 layers of flattened squamous epithelium separated by a basement membrane. It functions to maintain ____ ____ between perilymph in the scala vestibuli and endolymph in the cochlear duct

A

vestibular membrane

ion gradients

32
Q

The ____ ____ is a vascularized area of pseduostratified epithelium that lines the lateral aspect of the cochlear duct. It may secrete ____

A

stria vascularis

endolymph

33
Q

The ____ _____ is an epithelium covered protuberance that extends the length of the cochlear duct. Its epithelium is continuous with the ____ ____ and is reflected onto the basilar membrane

A

spiral prominence

stria vascularis

34
Q

The ____ ____ is a thick layer of amorphous material with keratin-like fibers. Pilar cells rest on it

A

basilar membrane

35
Q

The ____ ____ makes contact with processes of hair cells. It is secreted by _____ cells of the spiral sulcus (limbus)

A

tectorial membrane

interdental

36
Q

The spiral organ of corti contains ___ cells and ___ cells and lies upon the ____ ____

A

hair, supporting

basilar membrane

37
Q

The spiral organ of corti contains an ____ ____ and an ____ ___ that communicate with each other by intercellular spaces

A

inner tunnel, outer tunnel

he doesn’t say what they do

38
Q

Hair cells in the cochlear are neuroepithelial cells with a round, ____ located nucleus. They have many long and stiff ____ but no _____

A

basally
stereocillium
kinocillium

39
Q

____ hair cells are located in a single row along the length of the cochlear duct. They receive afferent synaptic terminals on the _____ surface

A

inner

basal

40
Q

____ hair cells are organized in 3-5 rows within a cup-shaped afferent nerve ending. These function in _____ reception and respond to different ____ _____. The sterocilia are embedded in a gelatinous _____ membrane

A

outer
sound
sound frequencies
tectorial membrane

41
Q

Inner and outer ____ cells are closely associated with each other and rest on the basilar membrane. They enclose and support the _____ tunnel of Corti

A

pillar

inner

42
Q

Inner and outer ____ cells are closely associated with inner and outer hair cells. These support ____ fibers that form ____ with hair cells

A

phangeal
nerve
synapses

43
Q

cells of ____ and ___ cells mark the inner and outer borders of the spiral organ or corti

A

hensen, border

44
Q

Auditory pathway (AP) 1: Sound strikes the ____ ____. Vibration via _____ and movement of the _____ at the ____ window disturbs _____ and deflects the _____ membrane in the _____ __ ____

A 
tympanic membrane
ossicles
stapes
oval
perilymph
basilar
organ of corti
45
Q

AP2: The ___ cells attached to the basilar membrane move laterally in response to this deflection which causes a lateral shearing of the _____ on sensory hair cells in the organ of corti against the ____ ____.

A

pilar
stereocilia
tectorial membrane

46
Q

AP3: Movement of the ______ is transduced into electrical signals. This travels down the ____ nerve to the brain

A

stereocilia

cochlear

47
Q

The ____ window is the release valve of the cochlea.

A

round

48
Q

Vestibular Function (VF) 1: Endolymph movement in semicircular ducts displaces the ____ overlying the ____ ____ and causes bending of the _____ on sensory hair cells

A

cupula
cristae ampullares
Steroecilia

49
Q

VF2: Endolymph movement in saccules and utricles displaces _____. Displacement is transmitted to the ____ via the overlying gelatinous layer, causing bending of stereocilla on sensory hair cells

A

otoliths

maculae

50
Q

VF3: Movement of _____ is transduced into electrical impulses, which are transmitted to the brain via _____ nerve fibers. (balance)

A

sterocilia

vestibular

51
Q

_____ _____ is due to a lesion in nerves transmitting impulses from the organ of corti.

A

nerve deafness

52
Q

In conductive hearing loss, hearing loss occurs prior to the ____ ____. It can be due to a defect in sound wave conduction, inflammation of the middle ear (____ _____), or ostosclerosis in the middle ear.

A

oval window

ostitis media

53
Q

You can test for conductive hearing loss using _____ _____. When a tuning fork is touched to the head, vibrations conduct directly to the ____ through the bone. A person with conductive hearing loss (can or cannot) detect tuning fork sounds as well as someone with normal hearing.

A

bone conduction
cochlea
can

Histology Test 4-Brendan (4 decks)

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