Sensory Systems-Ear Flashcards
The external ear consists of the ____ and ____
auricle, external auditory meatus
The auricle is an irregularly shaped with an internal plate made of _____ _____. It has thin skin with hair and ____ glands
elastic cartilage
sebaceous
I didn’t quite understand the wording of his notes about the cartilage…
The external auditory meatus–>the outer half is supported by ____ ____, while the inner half forms a tunnel in ____ ____
elastic cartilage
temporal bone
Thin skin lines the entire meatus and outer surface of ____ ____. The skin contains large ____ glands and coiled tubuloalveolar _____ glands.
tympanic membrane
sebaceous
ceruminous
Ear wax is a mixture of _____ and ____ secretions plus _____ meatal cells
ceruminous, sebaceous
desquamated
The tympanic cavity houses _____ and is connected to the _____ by the eustachian tube
ossicles,
pharynx
The ____ and ____ ____ are small, membrane covered regions devoid of bone that separate the middle ear from the bony labrynth of the inner ear
round, oval window
The ossicles (_____, ____, _____) transmits ______ _____ movements to the _____ window
malleus, incus, stapes
tympanic membrane
oval
The inner ear consists of a fluid filled _____ labryinth housed iwithin a ____ labryinth. Endolymph is within the ______. Perilymph is fluid outside the ______.
membranous, bony
membranous labyrinth
membranous labyrinth
The vestibule contains _____lymph. It houses the ____ and ____, which contain _____lynph
perilymph
utricle, saccule
endolymph
The cochlea winds 2.5 times around a bony core called the ____ that has blood vessels and the _____ _____. The osseus spiral lamina is a lateral extension of the _____
modiolus
spiral ganglion
modiolus
The cochlea has a thickened periosteum called the ____ ____
spiral ligament
The cochlea is subdivided into 3 spaces or “scala.” There are the perilymph filled ____ and _____, and the cochlear duct which is filed with ____ and called _____
scala vestibuli, scala tympani
endolymph, scala media
The membranous labyrinth is filled with _____. It is similar to intracellular fluid and has low ___ and ____ content, but high ___ content
endolymph
Na, protein
K
The saccule and utricle are located within the ____. They are sac-like bodies of ____ ____ lined by _____ _____ epithelium
vestibule
connective tissue
simple squamous
The utricle and saccule each give off a duct. These ducts join and form the _____ _____
endolymphatic sac
The specialized region of the utricle and saccule is the _____. It contains 2 types of _____ _____ cells
maculae
neuroepithelial hair
Neuroepithelial cells have 50-100 rigid stereocillia (_____ _____) arranged in rows and a single cilium called a _____
sensory microvilli
kinocilium
didn’t really understand his notes here
Cilia extend form the apical surface of ___ cells to an overlaping gelatinous layer called the _____ membrane
hair
otolithic
Type __ hair cells are columnar with a round, basal nucleus. They contact small afferent nerve terminals with _____ _____
2
synaptic vesicles
Type __ hair cells are bulbar in shape with a round nucleus. They are surrounded by a cup shaped _____ nerve ending
1
afferent
____ cells are columnar with a round, basal nucleus. They have a prominent terminal web
support
The otolithic membrane is a thick and gelatinous layer that contains _____. It contains small calcified particles called _____
glycoprotein
otoliths
The vestibule functions in detection of _____ _____
linear acceleration
Semicircular ducts arise from the ____. The ____ is a dilated area of semicircular ducts near junction with the ____
utricle
ampulla
utricle
____ ____ are specialized sensory areas in the ampullae. They have a thicker, cone shaped glycoprotein layer called the ____ and no otoliths
cristae ampullares
cupula
What movement do semicircular ducts detect?
angular acceleration along any of the three axes
The endolymphatic sac is lined by ____ cells with an irregularly shaped nucleus with long _____. May find ____ cells in the lumen that function in endolymph reabsorption
columnar
microvilli
phagocytic
The cochlear duct is a specialized area of the ____ that has the spiral _____ ___ _____.
saccule
organ of corti
The scala ____ lies above the cochlear duct and the scala _____ lies below. Both contain _____ and communicate with each other by a small hole near the cochlear apex called the _____
vestibuli
tympani
perilymph
helioctrema
The ____ _____ is composed of 2 layers of flattened squamous epithelium separated by a basement membrane. It functions to maintain ____ ____ between perilymph in the scala vestibuli and endolymph in the cochlear duct
vestibular membrane
ion gradients
The ____ ____ is a vascularized area of pseduostratified epithelium that lines the lateral aspect of the cochlear duct. It may secrete ____
stria vascularis
endolymph
The ____ _____ is an epithelium covered protuberance that extends the length of the cochlear duct. Its epithelium is continuous with the ____ ____ and is reflected onto the basilar membrane
spiral prominence
stria vascularis
The ____ ____ is a thick layer of amorphous material with keratin-like fibers. Pilar cells rest on it
basilar membrane
The ____ ____ makes contact with processes of hair cells. It is secreted by _____ cells of the spiral sulcus (limbus)
tectorial membrane
interdental
The spiral organ of corti contains ___ cells and ___ cells and lies upon the ____ ____
hair, supporting
basilar membrane
The spiral organ of corti contains an ____ ____ and an ____ ___ that communicate with each other by intercellular spaces
inner tunnel, outer tunnel
he doesn’t say what they do
Hair cells in the cochlear are neuroepithelial cells with a round, ____ located nucleus. They have many long and stiff ____ but no _____
basally
stereocillium
kinocillium
____ hair cells are located in a single row along the length of the cochlear duct. They receive afferent synaptic terminals on the _____ surface
inner
basal
____ hair cells are organized in 3-5 rows within a cup-shaped afferent nerve ending. These function in _____ reception and respond to different ____ _____. The sterocilia are embedded in a gelatinous _____ membrane
outer
sound
sound frequencies
tectorial membrane
Inner and outer ____ cells are closely associated with each other and rest on the basilar membrane. They enclose and support the _____ tunnel of Corti
pillar
inner
Inner and outer ____ cells are closely associated with inner and outer hair cells. These support ____ fibers that form ____ with hair cells
phangeal
nerve
synapses
cells of ____ and ___ cells mark the inner and outer borders of the spiral organ or corti
hensen, border
Auditory pathway (AP) 1: Sound strikes the ____ ____. Vibration via _____ and movement of the _____ at the ____ window disturbs _____ and deflects the _____ membrane in the _____ __ ____
tympanic membrane ossicles stapes oval perilymph basilar organ of corti
AP2: The ___ cells attached to the basilar membrane move laterally in response to this deflection which causes a lateral shearing of the _____ on sensory hair cells in the organ of corti against the ____ ____.
pilar
stereocilia
tectorial membrane
AP3: Movement of the ______ is transduced into electrical signals. This travels down the ____ nerve to the brain
stereocilia
cochlear
The ____ window is the release valve of the cochlea.
round
Vestibular Function (VF) 1: Endolymph movement in semicircular ducts displaces the ____ overlying the ____ ____ and causes bending of the _____ on sensory hair cells
cupula
cristae ampullares
Steroecilia
VF2: Endolymph movement in saccules and utricles displaces _____. Displacement is transmitted to the ____ via the overlying gelatinous layer, causing bending of stereocilla on sensory hair cells
otoliths
maculae
VF3: Movement of _____ is transduced into electrical impulses, which are transmitted to the brain via _____ nerve fibers. (balance)
sterocilia
vestibular
_____ _____ is due to a lesion in nerves transmitting impulses from the organ of corti.
nerve deafness
In conductive hearing loss, hearing loss occurs prior to the ____ ____. It can be due to a defect in sound wave conduction, inflammation of the middle ear (____ _____), or ostosclerosis in the middle ear.
oval window
ostitis media
You can test for conductive hearing loss using _____ _____. When a tuning fork is touched to the head, vibrations conduct directly to the ____ through the bone. A person with conductive hearing loss (can or cannot) detect tuning fork sounds as well as someone with normal hearing.
bone conduction
cochlea
can
