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Biopsychology > Sensory systems and sensorimotor > Flashcards

Sensory systems and sensorimotor Flashcards

1
Q

What does perception depend on?

A

stimulus and prior knowledge

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2
Q

What part are receptor organs?

A

PNS

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3
Q

what part is the brain and spinal cord?

A

CNS

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4
Q

Afferent nerves?

A

carry information from senses to the brain

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5
Q

Efferent nerves?

A

carry information from brain to muscles or glands

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6
Q

How does light enter the eye?

A

electromagnetic radiation?

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7
Q

What is the duplexity of vision?

A

Rods and cones

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8
Q

What do cones do?

A

Photopic vision (day time)

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9
Q

What do rods do?

A

Scotopic vision (night time)

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10
Q

What is visual transduction?

A

transferring light to neurons?

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11
Q

How are neural messages formed in vision?

A

presence of light changes the membrane

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12
Q

Where does the visual neruonal message go to?

A

retinal ganglion and down the optic nerve

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13
Q

How are visual brain areas organised?

A

retinotopically

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14
Q

What is the ventral stream?

A

what stream (object recognition)

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15
Q

What is the dorsal stream?

A

Where stream (the spatial field information)

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16
Q

How to sound waves enter the ear?

A

through the auditory canal and to the eardrum

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17
Q

What is the name of auditory receptors?

A

basilar

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18
Q

Where does information project to from the ears?

A

superior colliculus

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19
Q

What regulates light into the eyes?

A

the iris

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20
Q

What is the retina?

A

layer of tissue located at the back of the eye

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21
Q

What cells are specialized for lateral communication?

A

amacrine cells and horizontal cells

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22
Q

How do retinal neurons communicate?

A

through synapses and gap junctions

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23
Q

How is the retina formed?

A

inside out (must pass through layers to ganglion cells

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24
Q

What area of the eye is specialised for high acuity vision?

A

foeva

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25
Q

How is the blind spot in the receptor layer fixed?

A

the brain fills in the missing information

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26
Q

What is the Pukinje effect?

A

change in scotpic and photopic when the day transitions (flowers)

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27
Q

What are cuaneous receptors?

A

skin receptors

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28
Q

What is important about skin receptors

A

We often don’t pay attention to all pressures on the skin like wearing clothes

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29
Q

What is the dorsal column medial leminiscus system?

A

sensory neurons enter spinal cord via dorsal root

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30
Q

Where foes the dorsal column medial leminiscus system synapse?

A

column nuclei of the medulla

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31
Q

What is the somatopic map?

A

somatosensory homunuculus

32
Q

What happens when you damage the somatosensory cortex?

A

mild damage because the system has multiple pathways

33
Q

Highest level of somatosensory hierachy?

A

prefontal and posterior parietal cortex

34
Q

What is asterognosia?

A

inability to recognise objects by touch

35
Q

What is asomatognosia?

A

failure to recognise part of ones own body

36
Q

Who did the rubber hand illusion?

A

Botvinivk & Cohen (1998)

37
Q

Why is the rubber hand illusion different?

A

multisensory integration

38
Q

Where does the brain interpret both visual and tactile integration?

A

parietal cortex

39
Q

Why is pain important in somatosensory system

A

it has not cortical representation

40
Q

Where is pain activated?

A

anterior cingulate cortex (fMRI)

41
Q

what is pain also modulated by?

A

emotional and cognitive factors

42
Q

What is neuropathic pain?

A

pain with an absence of stimuli

43
Q

what are chemical sense?

A

taste, smell, pheremones

44
Q

Who said there was little evidence for pheremones in humans?

A

Wyatt (2017)

45
Q

Where are smells taken in from?

A

mucus covered tissue in upper nose

46
Q

How is smell entered to brain

A

enter olfactory bulbs and then synapse to neurons that project via olfactory bulbs

47
Q

What is amygdala important for?

A

emotional responses

48
Q

What is hippocampus important for?

A

memory

49
Q

what is orbifrontal area important for?

A

identification and discrimination

50
Q

Where does conscious movement intention stem from?

A

inferior partietal lobule

51
Q

Who did the study on the somatosensory map plasticity and string players?

A

Elbert et al. 1995

52
Q

Who did the optimal feedback control theory?

A

Scott (2004)

53
Q

What is the optimal feedback control theory?

A

explains how the brain controls movement as efficient as possible

54
Q

How can the optimal feedback control theory be applied?

A

motor learning, rehabilitation, robotics and prosethetics

55
Q

What is the primary sensory cortex?

A

receives most of its inputs from the thalamic relay nuculei

56
Q

What is the secondary sensory cortex?

A

receives most input from primary sensory cortex of that system

57
Q

What is the association cortex?

A

receives input from one or more system via the secondary sensory cortex

58
Q

Who explained the hierarchial system of senses?

A

Reeve et al (2002)

59
Q

what happens when you damage the sensory receptor

A

blindness, deafness etc

60
Q

Who said sensory systems are parallel and complex?

A

Rauschecker (2015)

61
Q

3 ossicles of the ear?

A

malleus, incus and stapes

62
Q

What is the organ of the corti?

A

organises the auditory system in tonotpic

63
Q

where is auditory cortex?

A

temporal lobe

64
Q

How many distinct areas are in auditory cortex?

A

13

65
Q

What type of organization does the auditory system have?

A

tonotopic

66
Q

Where are components of sound organised?

A

temporal lobe

67
Q

Where are auditory visual organization?

A

posterior parietal cortex

68
Q

What is the exteropceptive system?

A

mechanical, thermal and nociceptive stimuli

69
Q

What is interoceptive system?

A

within the body

70
Q

What does the dorsal column medial leminiscus system control?

A

touch and proprioception

71
Q

what does the anterolateral pathway control?

A

pain and temperature

72
Q

Where does the anterolateral pathway synapse on?

A

spinal cord

73
Q

Where are the primary and secondary somatosensory cortex?

A

parietal lobe

74
Q

The highest level of sensorimotor processing?

A

association cortex

75
Q

What happens when you stimulate the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex?

A

make subjects believe they are performing an action

Biopsychology (4 decks)

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