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Biopsychology > Hunger, eating & Health > Flashcards

Hunger, eating & Health Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three systems that control appetite?

A

homeostasis, food reward and cognitive control

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2
Q

Where are the cognitive factors?

A

prefrontal cortex and hippocampus

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3
Q

Where are the homeostasis factors?

A

Hypothalamus

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4
Q

Where are the reward systems?

A

dopamine and opioid systems

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5
Q

Who created the tri-model of appetite control?

A

Higgens et al., 2017

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6
Q

What does the hypothalamus do

A

Contains peripheral signals from the body and controls hunger, satiety and energy

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7
Q

What are peripheral signals

A

Chemical and neuronal information

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8
Q

What is homeostasis more sensitive to?

A

under-consuming

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9
Q

What is the role of dopamine?

A

Goal-directed behaviour and linked to wanting

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10
Q

What is opioid?

A

liking but not wanting

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11
Q

Brain regions that are related to food intake?

A

hypothalamus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens and brainstem

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12
Q

What would happen if the nucleus of solitary was destroyed?

A

over consumption of food

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13
Q

What happens if leptin was destroyed?

A

cause predispose of obesity

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14
Q

What does leptin do?

A

regulates energy balance by inhibiting hunger

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15
Q

What is leptin resistance?

A

high circulating leptin levels and low responses to exogenous leptin

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16
Q

What does the caudal brainstem do?

A

locomotor and oralmotor skills

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17
Q

What can’t the brainstem do?

A

respond to long-term homeostatis challenges

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18
Q

In an fMRI study what neuronal areas were important for food processing?

A

gustatory, visceral, olfactory, pre-frontal and orbi-frontal areas. Amygdala and hippocampus

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19
Q

Who did the study on food stimuli (pizza) on overweight participants?

A

Ferriday & Brunstrom (2010)

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20
Q

What brain regions are related to PICA?

A

frontal lobe and hypothalamus

21
Q

What neurotransmitters are related to PICA?

A

dopamine and serotonin

22
Q

What psychological factors are related to PICA?

A

stress and trauma

23
Q

Who did the study on the 8-year-old and PICA

A

Rangwala et al. (2017)

24
Q

Where did the eight-year old have tumour?

A

anterior cingulate gyrus (frontal lobe)

25
Q

Energy is delivered in three forms?

A

lipids, amino acids and glucose

26
Q

Energy is stored in three forms

A

fats, glycogen and proteins

27
Q

Three phases of energy metabolism

A

Cephalic, absorptive and fasting

28
Q

What does insulin do?

A

Stored in the pancreas, regulates blood sugar levels and facilitate uptake of glucose

29
Q

What is the set point assumption

A

You eat when there are low energy (homeostatic model)

30
Q

Who said that set-point assumption is a negative feedback system?

A

Clemensen et al (2017)

31
Q

Two types of set point assumptions

A

glucostatic and lipostatic

32
Q

What is the positive incentive perspective

A

pleasure of eating

33
Q

What can explain the positive incentive perspective

A

evolution and temporal factors

34
Q

Who said humans prefer snacks all day because they know there is an endless supply

A

Collier (1986)

35
Q

What does the hypothalamic nuclei do?

A

Input signals from periphery like leptin, insulin, ghrelin and neuronal signals and regulates hunger, satiety and energy levels

36
Q

Who did the willpower depletion theory?

A

Baumeister et al (1998)

37
Q

What is the willpower depletion theory

A

limited amount of will power that will decrease over time

38
Q

What did the University of Toronto say?

A

use of willpower leaves a reduced activity in the anterior cingulate

39
Q

Who said the more cognitive power you use the less brain fuel?

A

Gallirot et al (2007)

40
Q

Who said variety stimulates appetite (i.e sweet treats?

A

Raynor et al (2007)

41
Q

Who said that perceptive variety like M&Ms affects food intake?

A

Kahn & Wansink, 2004

42
Q

Who did the study on patient RH and memory on food?

A

Rozin et al (1998)

43
Q

Who said memory on eating can be improved with mobile app?

A

Whitelock et al (2019)

44
Q

French paradox

A

French eat till not hungry vs USA eat till full (Wansink et al. 2007)

45
Q

who did the study on social cognition of eating

A

Lafaire et al. 2016

46
Q

Social environment and eating

A

Peer modelling, post natal and genes

47
Q

Cognitive factors and eating

A

discrimination, visual exposure, feelings and emotions

48
Q

Who did the study on dysfunctional eating in pandemic?

A

Costa et al (2022)

Biopsychology (4 decks)

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