Sensory Systems

Question 1

4 characteristics of sensory experience:

Answer 1

Modality
Location
Intensity
Timing

Question 2

Modality is a ___ class of stimulus.

Answer 2

General

Question 3

Modality receptors target what area of the brain?

Answer 3

Sensory system

Question 4

Usually stimulus activates many receptors, not only a modality stimulus is generated but it generates stimulus of ____

Answer 4

Location in space and its size

Question 5

Intensity =

Answer 5

Strength in amplitude of stimulus

Question 6

Increase in pain perception:

Some neurons are ___ to activate so require a ___ stimulus

Answer 6

Harder

Greater

Question 7

More NT released=

Answer 7

More intensity

Question 8

2 types of frequency receptors

Answer 8

RA— rapidly adapting

SA— Slow adapting

Question 9

Rapidly adapting frequency receptors fire at the ____ of receptor stimulus

Answer 9

Onset and offset

Question 10

Slow adaption frequency receptors fire ____

Answer 10

As long as the stimulus is active

Question 11

Receptors are classified by (4 classifications):

Answer 11

Modality
Location
Structure
Graded potential produced

Question 12

5 types of stimulus receptors

Answer 12

Mechano—receptor
Termo—receptor
Photo—receptor
Chemo—receptor
Nocieptors

Question 13

3 types of location receptors:

Answer 13

Exteroceptors
Interceptors
Proprioceptors

Question 14

Special senses are typically ___ receptors

Answer 14

Exteroceptors

Question 15

Interceptors are typically ___ sensory and arise from ___ the body

Answer 15

GVA

Within

Question 16

Proprioceptors respond to the degree of ___ of the organs they occupy

Answer 16

Stretch

Question 17

Receptors can be ___ or ___ in structural complexity

Answer 17

Simple

Complex

Question 18

3 simple unencapsulated receptors:

Answer 18

Free dendritic nerve endings
—-temp/ pain
Merkel disks
Hair follicle receptors

Question 19

4 simple encapsulated receptors:

Answer 19

1-Meissner’s
2-Pacinian
3-Muscle spindle, Golgi tendon organs and Ruffini
4- joint kinesthetic receptors

Question 20

Meissners corpuscles=

Answer 20

Tactile

Question 21

Pacianin corpuscles=

Answer 21

Lamellatd

Question 22

Sensory system is a ___ of events (serial organization)

Answer 22

Series

Question 23

Relay nuclei are in spinal cord, brain stem, thalamus, and cerebral cortex and are what order neurons?

Answer 23

3rd order neurons

Question 24

Relay nuclei process info and determine whether it is to be transmitted to ____

Answer 24

Cortex

Question 25

Relay nuclei have ___ interneurons

Answer 25

Inhibitory

Question 26

3 pathways of inhibitory interneurons:

Answer 26

Feed forward Feedback Distal inhibition

Question 27

Feed-forward inhibition allows ___ strategy ensuring only one of competing responses is expressed.

Answer 27

Winner-take-all

Question 28

Feedback inhibition allows most ___ neuron output to limit the less ___ neuron output

Answer 28

Most active | Less active

Question 29

Distant inhibition is an “___” from the higher brain centers

Answer 29

Override

Question 30

Sensation is the awareness of changes in the ___ and ___ environment

Answer 30

Internal | External

Question 31

Perception is the ___ interpretation of stimuli

Answer 31

Conscious

Question 32

3 levels of neural integration:

Answer 32

Receptor level Circuit level Perceptual level

Question 33

Circuit level is an ___ pathway

Answer 33

Ascending

Question 34

Perceptual level passes through the ___ to the ___ cortex

Answer 34

Thalamus | Cerebral

Question 35

At the receptor level, the receptor must have ___ and be present for the stimulus energy

Answer 35

Specificity

Question 36

Receptor potentials are ___ in size

Answer 36

Grades

Question 37

Slow adapting receptors =

Answer 37

Tonic receptors

Question 38

Rapidly adapting receptors=

Answer 38

Phasic receptors

Question 39

Tonic receptors are ___ stimulus

Answer 39

Steady

Question 40

Phasic receptors detect ___ and ___ of a stimulus

Answer 40

Onset | Offset

Question 41

First order neurons are ___ sensory neurons. Dendrites are in periphery and conduct impulses from brain.

Answer 41

Real sensory neurons

Question 42

First order neurons have somas that reside in ___ and conduct to spinal cord or brain stem

Answer 42

Dorsal root or cranial ganglia

Question 43

Second-order neurons are ___neurons. Soma resides in the ___ horn and transmit impulses to ___ or ___

Answer 43

Interneurons Dorsal horn Thalamus or Cerebellum

Question 44

Third-order neurons transmit signals from ___ to ___ cortex

Answer 44

Thalamus | Somatosensory

Question 45

Thalamus projectors fibers to:

Answer 45

Somatosensory cortex | Sensory association areas