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Neurophys Mod 2 > Exam Review > Flashcards

Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of ganglion cells receive cone input and relay information about small non moving objects in the center of visual field?

A- P
B- M
C- K

A

P cells

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2
Q

In regards to information flow in and out of the primary visual cortex, cells in which layer project back to the thalamus?

A- 2
B- 5
C- 6

A

Layer 6

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3
Q

Ocular dominance columns in the primary visual cortex receive information ___.

A- from one or the other eye
B- about color rather than orientation
C- about axis of orientation of the light bar

A

From one or the other eye

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4
Q

Lesion to the right optic tract would result in ___.

A- blindness in the right eye
B-left homonymous hemianopia
C- right homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing

A

Left homonymous hemianopia

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5
Q

Which structure of the cochlea contains high concentrations of potassium ions?

A- scala vestibuli
B- scala tympani
C- scala media

A

Scala media

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6
Q

A 60- year old man presents to your office complains of strange ankle motion when sitting after standing for long periods of time. He recently suffered a stroke, but is recovering. Upon reflex testing, your patient displays clonus. Which receptors would be involved in production of clonus?

A- Ruffini endings
B- Golgi tendon organs
C- Meissner’s corpuscles

A

Golgi tendon organs

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7
Q

While testing jerk reflexes in a patient suffering from spinal cord injury, you discovered Hyperreflexia. You suspect involvement of the __.

A- dorsal column/ medial lemniscus pathway
B- corticospinal tract within lateral column
C- ventral horn of gray matter

A

Corticospinal tract within lateral column

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8
Q

___ is/ are used to screen newborns for hearing defects.

A- otiacoustic emissions
B- Rinne test
C- Caloric testing

A

Otiacoustic emissions

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9
Q

The human ear may detect sound waves in ___ diapason.

A- 20-20,000 Hz
B- 0-120 Hz
C- 400-700 nm

A

20-20,000 Hz

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10
Q

Primary Ia fibers are stimulated by__.

A- both rate and degree of stretch
B- only by degree of stretch
C- muscle contraction

A

Both rate and degree of stretch

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11
Q

The sensory receptors for static equilibrium can be found in the ___.

A- crista ampularris
B- maculae
C- tectorial membrane

A

Maculae

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12
Q

In which inhibitory pathway interneurons of relay nuclei are activated by afferentfibers?

A- feed-forward
B- feedback
C- distant inhibition

A

Feed-forward

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13
Q

Which of the following is an unencapsulated receptor?

A- Merkel Disk
B- Pacinian corpuscle
C- Ruffini ending

A

Merkel disk

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14
Q

Medial rotation of the eyeball toward the close object being viewed is called ___.

A- accommodation
B- convergence
C- astigmatism

A

Convergence

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15
Q

The vestibular nuclei regulate the reflex movement of the neck, limbs, and trunk via the ___.

A- dorsal column/ medial lemniscus pathway
B- vestibulospinal tract
C- medial longitudinal fasiculus

A

Vestibulospinal tract

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16
Q

In the vestibular system, cell bodies of the 1st order sensory neurons are located in the ___.

A- superior colliculus
B- inferior olivary nucleus
C- superior and inferior vestibular ganglia

A

Superior and inferior ganglia

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17
Q

Being hit in the arm slightly and then being hit harder will cause a change in the ___ of sensory experience.

A- modality
B- intensity
C- frequency

A

Intensity

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18
Q

Lesion to the optic chiasm causes which visual disturbance?

A- heteronymous bitemporal hemianopia
B- homonymous contralateral hemianopia
C- ipsilateral blindness

A

Heteronymous bitemporal hemianopia

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19
Q

In the test buds, some gustatory cells form tradition synapses with dendrites of sensory neurons and release neurotransmitter ___.

A- histamine
B- norepinephrine
C- serotonin

A

Serotonin

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20
Q

Quinine may interfere with taste cells by blocking what channel?

A- sodium
B- calcium
C- potassium

A

Calcium

21
Q

In olfactory bulb, which interneurons release GABA and inhibit mitral cells?

A- basal cells
B- granule cells
C- tuft cells

A

Granule cells

22
Q

Which type of mechanoreceptors is rapidly adapting and characterized by a small size of receptive field?

A- Ruffini endings
B- Merkel disks
C- Meissner’s corpuscles

A

Meissner’s corpuscles

23
Q

Small- diameter, myelinated fibers associated with crude touch are classified as ___ type fibers.

A- A beta
B- A delta
C- C

A

A delta

24
Q

Mr Tomas was brutally attacked by a wild cat and suffered extensive injuries to his right leg. Although he felt pain and was well aware of his injuries, he remained extremely calm and showed no changed in his emotional state following the trauma. He most likely has a problem with his ___.

A- Dorsal column/ medial lemniscus pathway
B- Insular cortex and/ or cingulate gyrus
C- Brodmann areas 3,1,and 2

A

Insular cortex and/ or cingulate gyrus

25
Q

Lesion to area 2 of primary somatosensory cortex would ___.

A- alter the ability to differentiate the size and shape of objects
B- result in deficits in the assessment of the texture of the objects
C- lead to poor eye-hand coordination during reaching, grasping, and hand orientation

A

Alter the ability to differentiate the size and shape of the objects

26
Q

Which naturally occurring agents act as primary activators of nociceptors?

A- leukotrienes
B- substance P
C- histamine

A

Histamine

—Substance P is a secondary

27
Q

Capsaicin binds to __ receptor which converts noxious thermal and chemical stimuli into a depolarizing electrical potential.

A- TRPV1
B- AMPA
C- NMDA

A

TRPV1

28
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles are ___.

A- found primarily in connective tissue
B- anatomically classified as unencapsulated
C- mechanoreceptors

A

Mechanoreceptors

29
Q

Allodynia can be best defined as ___.

A- an abnormal pain state when normally non-painful stimuli are felt as painful
B- an abnormal pain state with increased sensitivity to already painful stimulus
C- the “inflammatory soup”, an acidic mixture that stimulates and sensitized the nociceptors

A

An abnormal pain state when normally non-painful stimuli are felt as painful

30
Q

Select the correct definition.

A- Magnitude estimation is the simplest level of sensation
B- Perceptual detection is the ability to detect how much stimulus is applied to the body
C- Pattern recognition allows us to see a familiar face

A

Pattern recognition allows us to see a familiar face

31
Q

All processing at the circuit level going up to the perceptual level must synapse in the ___

A- thalamus
B- reticular formation
C- brainstem

A

Thalamus

32
Q

Which statement about somatosensory cortex is correct?

A- Major somatosensory areas of the cerebral cortex are paracentral and cingular gyri
B- Information from different parts of the body is arranged somatotopically
C- The amount of space devoted to each body part is proportionally to the size of the part

A

Information from different parts of the body is arranged somatotopically

33
Q

Transduction refers to conversion of ___.

A- presynaptic nerve impulses to postsynaptic nerve impulses
B- stimulus information to nerve impulses
C- receptor energy to stimulus energy

A

Stimulus information to nerve impulses

34
Q

The C fibers are afferent from the ___ nociceptors.

A- polymodal
B- thermal
C- mechanical

A

Polymodal

35
Q

Which tactile receptors are best to detect vibration?

A- Merkel disks
B- Pacinian corpuscles
C- Ruffini’s corpuscles

A

Pacinian corpuscles

36
Q

In sensory systems, the higher brain centers can control the flow of information through relay nuclei by the process of ___ inhibition.

A- feed-forward
B- feedback
C- distant

A

Distant

37
Q

Fibers of which tract travel in dorsal part of lateral cloumn and are spared during anterolateral cordotomy?

A- spinoreticular
B- spinomesencephalic
C- spinothalamic

A

Spinomesencephalic

38
Q

In the somatosensory system third-order sensory neurons are located in the ___.

A- cerebellum
B- thalamus
C- cortex

A

Thalamus

39
Q

Gustatory cells are found in the ___

A- taste buds
B- alveolar sockets
C- tonsillitis crypts

A

Taste buds

40
Q

Which of the following is true about gustatory receptors?

A- the receptors generate an action potential in response to chemical stimuli
B- complete adaptation occurs in one to five minutes
C- in order for a chemical to be sense, it must be hydrophobic

A

Complete adaptation occurs in one to five minutes

41
Q

Taste buds are not found in the ___ papillae.

A- filiform
B- fugiform
C- circumvallate

A

Filiform

42
Q

Select the correct statement about olfaction.

A- olfactory receptors have a high degree of specificity toward a single type of chemical
B- some of the sensation of olfaction is actually one of pain
C- substances must be volatile and hydrophobic in order to activate olfactory receptors

A

Some fo the sensation of olfaction is actually one of pain

43
Q

Olfactory glands produce ___

A- olfactory cells
B- calcium ions
C- mucus

A

Mucus

44
Q

The synapse of the olfactory nerves with the mitral cells is called a ___

A- glomerulus
B- glomus
C- granule

A

Glomerulus

45
Q

Olfactory cells and taste buds are normally stimulated by ___

A- movement of the otoliths
B- substances in the solution
C- stretching of the receptor cells

A

Substances in the solution

46
Q

The olfactory receptor cells ___

A- use cAMP as a second messenger that acts directly on Na+ and Ca2+ channel
B- relay on the release of Ca2+ from the intracellular storage, which causes depolarization
C- are depolarize by the cGMP bound to Na+ and Ca2+ channel

A

Use cAMP as a second messenger that acts directly on Na+ and Ca2+ channel

47
Q

Olfactory receptor cells ___

A- are ciliated
B- are unipolar neurons
C- never adapt

A

Are ciliate

48
Q

Visual inputs to the ___ serve to synchronize biorhythms with natural light and dark

A- pretectal nuclei
B- superior colliculi
C- suprachiasmatic nucleus

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

49
Q

As sound intensity increase, we hear the sound as a louder sound at the same pitch. This suggests that ___

A- cochlear cells that respond to the same pitch vary in responsiveness
B- the timing off the cochlear vibrations encodes the pitch
C- inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) are building up in the auditory cortex

A

Cochlear cells that respond to the some pitch vary in responsiveness

Neurophys Mod 2 (14 decks)

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