Sensory systems Flashcards
The detection of the movement of the water
Mechanoreception
What are the two major mechanosensory systems?
The lateral line system and the inner ear
Which sensory system detects disturbances in the water?
The lateral line system
Which sensory system is responsible for fish equilibrium and balance, as well as hearing?
The inner ear
The hair cells of the lateral line system are organized into ________, which allow fishes to detect vibrations in the water that originate from or reflect off prey, predators, other fishes in a school, and environmental obstacles
Neuromasts
In a sensory hair cell, the ____ helps screen out background “noise” by preventing the hair cells from being affected by small vibrations
Cupula
What are the two main subdivisions of the lateral line system?
Superficial neuromasts & canal neuromasts
Neuromasts that are free-standing on the skin and are quite sensitive to water movement
Superficial neuromasts
Neuromasts that are located in channels beneath the scales of the lateral line and in dermal bones of the head and which open to the surrounding water via small pores
Canal neuromasts
Postural equilibrium and balance are maintained by the ____ ________, a portion of the fish’s inner ear
Pars superior
In jawed fishes, the pars superior consists of three ________ and an additional chamber known as the ________
semicircular canals, utricle
In the inner ear, the utricle contains a solid deposit, or ____, which rests on a bed of sensory hair cells
Otolith (the lapillus)
The largest group of hearing specialists is the ________ fishes
Otophysan
Otophysan fishes contain a series of small bones derived from modified vertebrae that connect the anterior end of the gas bladder to the inner ear, called the _________________
Webarian apparatus
In the eye, the ____ contains the photosensory cells
Retina
The
________ has the highest oxygen demand of any tissue in the body
Retina
In most fishes, a ________ maintains high oxygen levels in the retina
Choroid gland
The sense of smell
Olfaction
The sense of taste
Gustation
A pair of ____ contain the organs of smell in fishes
Nasal sacs
Each olfactory (nasal) sac is lined with a highly folded ____________, in whch molecules of odorants bind to receptor proteins on membranes of the receptor cells
Olfactory epithelium
What are the two general types of electroreceptor organs in fishes?
Ampullary receptors & tuberous receptors
Electroreceptors located in recesses in skin that are connected to the surface by a canal filled with a conductive gel. They are sensitive to electric fields of low frequency.
Ampullary receptors
Electroreceptors that are located in depressions of the epidermis, are covered with loosely packed epithelial cells, and detect higher frequency electric fields.
Tuberous receptors
Special ________ in the brain stem recieve input directly from the visual, auditory, and lateral line systems. They send command signals to the body musculature
Mauthner cells
