Homeostasis, Locomotion, and Feeding Flashcards
The maintenance of internal body parameters within ranges that allow an organism to function. The coordination of multiple regulatory systems is necessary.
Homeostasis
Homeostasis is primarily achieved by two systems:
The endocrine and nervous system
A group of glands (and some other structures) that produce hormones
Endocrine system
Long-distance cell-to-cell signaling molecules that are typically excreted into the blood so that they travel throughout the body (produced in response to a neural cue or another signaling molecule)
Hormones
Hormones may be either ____-derived or ____-derived. These enter cells differently
amino-acid (peptide) or steroid
Amino-acid (peptide) hormones enter cells via:
Surface receptor/channel
Steroid hormones enter cells via:
Passing through the membrane (may use channels)
Hormones circulate through the ____, so all/most cells are exposed to these chemical messages
blood
The process of any kind of cell-to-cell signal moving into a cell and eliciting a response
Signal transduction
Organisms that are ______ have internal body temperatures that are similar to their environment. They regulate their body temperature by relocating to areas with temperatures that support their homeostasis.
Ectotherms
An individual ectothermic fish may rely heavily on _______, which are alternate forms of the same enzyme that function best under different conditions (e.g., pH and temperature)
Isozyme
Within an ectothermic fish species, different populations may possess different ________, or variations of enzymes produced by different alleles of the same gene that allow them to adapt to the local climate
Allozymes
Organisms that are ________ generate heat internally, which requires energy expenditure
Endothermic
Organisms that generate heat to keep their eyes and brains warm are _____ ________
Regional endotherms
Species that can closely regulate their temperature throughout the body shunt cold blood from the gills through a ____ _______ that warms the blood using heat from swimming muscles
Rete mirabile
