Sensory System/Health Challenges

Question 1

What are the 5 senses

Answer 1

Sight
Hearing
Taste
Touch
Smell

Question 2

What are the 3 sections of the ear and what do they contain

Answer 2

Outer/external (auditory canal, ear drum, hair, oil glands)
Middle (ossicles called the malleus/hammer, incus/anvil, and stapes/stirrup)
Inner/tabyrinth (series of canals containing semi circular canals and cochlea)

Question 3

2 main functions of the ear

Answer 3

Hearing and balance

Question 4

Protectors of the eye

Answer 4

Skull, eyelids, eyelashes, tears

Question 5

3 layers of the eye and it’s make up

Answer 5

Sclera (outer white layer, cornea is transparent)
Chonoid (muscles, iris, pupil)
Retina (receptors for vision)

Question 6

How do we see?

Answer 6

Light enters eye through cornea, passes the lens, reflects on retina and carries info to the brain by optic nerve

Question 7

Mouth and it’s parts

Answer 7

Tongue, soft palate, upper esophagus, epiglottis

Question 8

What are the 5 primary tastes

Answer 8

Sour, bitter, sweet, salty, umami (meat)

Question 9

Limbic system

Answer 9

Triggers physical response to emotion (fight, flight)

Question 10

How do we smell

Answer 10

Odor molecules bind to receptors in mucous membrane, sends signals to brain in olfactory bulb, interpret based on unique combination

Question 11

Hypomisa definition

Answer 11

Reduced ability to smell

Question 12

Otosclerosis definition

Answer 12

Abnormal formation of new bone in middle ear, progressive loss of hearing

Question 13

Tinnitus definition

Answer 13

Ringing in ear from abnormal stimulation of ear structures, occurs in otosclerosis

Question 14

Menieres disease definition

Answer 14

Chronic increase of fluid in inner ear, causes pressure, results in vertigo, tinnitus, hearing impairment, dizziness

Question 15

Presbycusis definition

Answer 15

Gradual loss of hearing, changes to inner ear and auditory nerve

Question 16

Temporary hearing impairment definition

Answer 16

Loss of hearing from buildup of ceruman (wax), fixed with removing wax

Question 17

Glaucoma definition

Answer 17

Increased pressure to eye (optic nerve damage), causes tunnel vision, blurred vision, halos around lights

Question 18

Cataracts definition

Answer 18

Lens becomes cloudy, blurring and dimming vision, difficulty seeing at night and sensitivity to light

Question 19

Age related macular degradation definition

Answer 19

Macula (central part of retina) breaks down, loss of sharp/central vision, may retain some peripheral vision, gradual or sudden

Question 20

Conjunctivitis or pink eye definition

Answer 20

Inflammation of clear membrane covering white part and lining of eyelid, redness shown in eye, increased discharge and tears, from bacteria or allergies

Question 21

Presbyopia definition

Answer 21

Gradual inability to focus on close objects
Natural lens is less flexible

Question 22

Diabetic retinopathy definition

Answer 22

Usually from type 1
Damage to blood vessels (blood leaks) and the new blood makes scar tissue over retina

Question 23

aphesia definition

Answer 23

partial/complete loss of speech/language skills from brain injury

Question 24

apraxia definition

Answer 24

aka verbal apraxia, inability to correctly move speaking muscles, usually from brain injury

Question 25

dysarthia definition

Answer 25

difficulty speaking from weakness/paralysis in speaking muscles

Question 26

How do we hear?

Answer 26

Air vibrations transmitted through the outer ear to inner ear are processed as sound, the cochlea carries sound waves through fluid

Question 27

receptive aphasia definition

Answer 27

difficulty understanding language, both written and spoken, cannot understand their own words or others, speech comes out muddled

Question 28

expressive aphasia definition

Answer 28

difficulty speaking or writing, can understand spoken or written words but their speech or writing is jumbled

Question 29

expressive receptive aphasia definition

Answer 29

aka global aphasia, difficulty speaking and understanding writing and speech, may only be able to say yes and no

Question 30

sensory changes with aging

Answer 30

decrease in vision and hearing
decrease in taste, smell, and touch
sensitivity to pain is reduced