Sensory System/Health Challenges

Question 1

What are the 5 senses

Answer 1

Sight
Hearing
Taste
Touch
Smell

Question 2

What are the 3 sections of the ear and what do they contain

Answer 2

Outer/external (auditory canal, ear drum, hair, oil glands)
Middle (ossicles called the malleus, incus, and stapes)
Inner/tabyrinth (semi circular canals, cochlea, and auditory nerve)

Question 3

2 main functions of the ear

Answer 3

Hearing and balance

Question 4

Protectors of the eye

Answer 4

Skull, eyelids, eyelashes, tears

Question 5

3 layers of the eye and it’s make up

Answer 5

Sclera (outer white layer, cornea is transparent)
Chonoid (muscles, iris, pupil)
Retina (receptors for vision)

Question 6

How do we see?

Answer 6

Light enters eye through cornea, passes the lens, reflects on retina and carries info to the brain by optic nerve

Question 7

Mouth and it’s parts

Answer 7

Tongue, soft palate, upper esophagus, epiglottis

Question 8

What are the 5 primary tastes

Answer 8

Sour, bitter, sweet, salty, umami (meat)

Question 9

How do we smell

Answer 9

Odor molecules bind to receptors in mucous membrane, sends signals to brain in olfactory bulb, interpret based on unique combination

Question 10

Hypomisa definition

Answer 10

Reduced ability to smell

Question 11

Otosclerosis definition

Answer 11

Abnormal formation of new bone in middle ear, progressive loss of hearing

Question 12

Tinnitus definition

Answer 12

Ringing in ear from abnormal stimulation of ear structures, occurs in otosclerosis

Question 13

Menieres disease definition

Answer 13

Chronic increase of fluid in inner ear, causes pressure, results in vertigo, tinnitus, hearing impairment, dizziness

Question 14

Presbycusis definition

Answer 14

Gradual loss of hearing, changes to inner ear and auditory nerve

Question 15

Temporary hearing impairment definition

Answer 15

Loss of hearing from buildup of ceruman (wax), fixed with removing wax

Question 16

Glaucoma definition

Answer 16

Increased pressure to eye (optic nerve damage), causes tunnel vision, blurred vision, halos around lights

Question 17

Cataracts definition

Answer 17

Lens becomes cloudy, blurring and dimming vision, difficulty seeing at night and sensitivity to light

Question 18

Age related macular degradation definition

Answer 18

Macula (central part of retina) breaks down, loss of sharp/central vision, may retain some peripheral vision, gradual or sudden

Question 19

Conjunctivitis or pink eye definition

Answer 19

Inflammation of clear membrane covering white part and lining of eyelid, redness shown in eye, increased discharge and tears, from bacteria or allergies

Question 20

Presbyopia definition

Answer 20

Gradual inability to focus on close objects
Natural lens is less flexible

Question 21

Diabetic retinopathy definition

Answer 21

Usually from type 1
Damage to blood vessels (blood leaks) and the new blood makes scar tissue over retina

Question 22

aphesia definition

Answer 22

partial/complete loss of speech/language skills from brain injury

Question 23

apraxia definition

Answer 23

aka verbal apraxia, inability to correctly move speaking muscles, usually from brain injury

Question 24

dysarthia definition

Answer 24

difficulty speaking from weakness/paralysis in speaking muscles

Question 25

How do we hear?

Answer 25

Air vibrations transmitted through the outer ear to inner ear are processed as sound, the cochlea carries sound waves through fluid

Question 26

sensory changes with aging

Answer 26

decrease in vision and hearing
decrease in taste, smell, and touch
sensitivity to pain is reduced