Sensory System Flashcards
What are special somatic receptors?
Specialized and concentrated in on body surface, and vision and hearing
What are special visceral receptors?
Specialized and concentrated with in body, olfaction and taste
What are general somatic receptors?
Widely distributed on body surface, skeletal muscle
What are general visceral receptors?
Widely distributed within the body organs, stretch, pressure, chemoreception
What are the types of special somatic receptors?
Lateral line, ampullae of Lorenzini, Inner ear membranous labyrinth, pit receptors, photoreception
What is the lateral line?
Series of fluid filled canals that are open to surroundings and detect movement in water
What are neuromasts?
Fancy mechanoreceptors that have hair in them to detect water movement
What do Ampullae of Lorenzini detect?
Electromagnetics used in sharks for migration
How many semicircular canals do Gnathostome inner ear have?
3
Anterior, posterior, horizontal
What are the semicircular canals in Gnathostomes used for?
Rotational movement
What are the untricle and sacculus used for?
linear acceleration
How many posterior semicircular canals does a hagfish have?
1
Posterior
How many semicircular canals does a lamprey have?
2
Anterior, posterior
What do fish have that is homologous to the cochlea in mammals?
Lagena
What is the inner ear order from outer most to inner most?
Bony labyrinth –> perilymph –> membrane and hair –> endolymph
WHat does the lagena do in sharks?
Receives sound
How do we detect dynamic equilibrium from the inner ear?
Head rotates which causes inertia to move endolymph to displace cupula and move the cilia
How do we detect static equilibrium from the inner ear?
Cilia bend in the maculae (in sacculus and utricle) which generate the impulses
What are otoliths?
Extrinsic grains brought in to help with detection of static equilibrium
What is the Weberian Apparatus?
It is modified 1st 4-5 vertebrae in some fish (goldfish) that helps amplify sound
How does the Weberian Apparatus amplify sound?
It receives vibrations from the swim bladder and amplifies and directs them to the inner ear
What is the organ of Corti?
Specialized neuromasts within coiled cochlear duct
Where are amphibian and reptile tympanic membrane located?
Surface of head
What is the pinna?
In mammals the external part of the ear the collects sounds and directs it to the tympanic membrane
What are the amphibian, reptile and bird middle ear ossicle(s)?
Columella or stapes
What are the mammal middle ear ossicle(s)?
Malleus, incus, stapes
How do toothed whales use ecolocation?
Produce sound that crosses the phonic lip and causing the tissue to vibrate, then receives echoes via fat pads
What do pit receptors sense?
Infrared thermal radiation
What innervates pit receptors and where does the information go?
CN 5 takes info to brain superior colliculi
What do photoreceptors detect?
A narrow band of electromagnetic radiation
What pathway does the radiation from photoreceptors take?
Wavelength hits photoreceptor –> splits pigment –> sends impulse to bipolar cell layer(middle of the 3) –> send impulse to ganglion cells (outermost layer) –> then back to rods and cones then off to brain
What are the types of special visceral receptors?
Olfaction, vomeronasal organ, gustation
What is olfaction?
Chemoreception that forms the sense of smell
How do sharks track prey?
Sinuous swimming
What are nares in sharks?
Blind sacs containing olfactory tissue
How do tetrapod smell?
Chemical odorant encounters cilia and triggers impulses that are sent to glomerui
What is the vomeronasal organ?
auxiliary olfactory sense organ found in many tetrapods
Describe the reptile vomeronasal organ.
Separate pit to which tongue and oral membranes deliver chemicals
Describe the mammal vomeronasal organ.
Isolated area of olfactory tissue within nasal cavity
Connected to mouth via nasopalatine duct
Sends impulse to hypothalamus (connection to memory)
Flehmen response
What are cutaneous mechanoreceptors?
Receive light touch, deep pressure, sustained touch, pain and temp of skeletal muscle and skin
What do muscle spindles detect?
Changes in muscle length
What does the Golgi tendon organ detect?
Changes in muscle tension
What do general visceral reception function for?
Monitoring O2 and CO2 content in blood, solute concentration in blood, pH, blood pressure, pain, etc
