Sensory system

Question 1

vision is …

Answer 1

the ability to be aware of position, shape, brightness, distance and movement of visual stimuli.

Question 2

Vision is assisted by

Answer 2

photoreceptors

Question 3

They has 3 layers…

Answer 3

The outer sclera with the transparent cornea

middle layer with the ciliary muscles and the iris

the inner retinal layer

Question 4

The ciliary muscles/the lens plays a role in … which is …

Answer 4

accommodation

eye muscle movements to fine tune focus

Question 5

All parts of the eye (13)

Answer 5

cornea
sclera
choroid
pupil
ciliary body
iris
lens
retina
aqueous humor
vitreous humor
macula
fovea
optic nerve

Question 6

cornea? (3)

Answer 6

transparent layer of eye

covers iris

helps focus light that enters

Question 7

sclera? (2)

Answer 7

tough fibrous outer white layer

protects

Question 8

choroid? (3)

Answer 8

blood vessels rich

under the sclera

prevents light scattering in eyeball

Question 9

pupil? (3)

Answer 9

centre of iris

entrance for light

size varies based brightness

Question 10

ciliary body? (2)

Answer 10

muscles holding the lens upright

controls lens shape

Question 11

iris? (1)

Answer 11

controls amount of light entering

Question 12

lens? (1)

Answer 12

focuses light in eye

Question 13

retina? (2)

Answer 13

neural tissue in the back of eye

extension of brain

Question 14

aqueous humor? (2)

Answer 14

maintains pressure of eye

transmits light

Question 15

vitreous humor? (2)

Answer 15

transmits light

supports lens

Question 16

macula? (2)

Answer 16

part of retina with cones/photoreceptors

high res colour vision

Question 17

Fovea? (2)

Answer 17

centre of the retina

great visual acuity

Question 18

Optic nerv? (2)

Answer 18

2nd carnival nerve at back of the eye

transmits visual info from retina to brain vision centers

Question 19

2 types of photoreceptors:

Answer 19

rods - sensitive to dim light + has rhodopsin

cones - sensitive to bright light + has photopsins

Question 20

how do the visual proteins rhodopsin and photopsin work?

Answer 20

the proteins also have a light absorbing substance derived from Vitamin A

when light hits visual pigment opsin changes shape and conveys light energy to electrical impulses

Question 21

Signals flow from rods and cones to

Answer 21

bipolar cells

to ganglion cells

Question 22

signal can also travel via the … and … when … or …

Answer 22

horizontal
amacrine
strengthened or weakened

Question 23

the 2 optic nerves of the brain are formed by the … of the …

Answer 23

axons

ganglion cells

Question 24

retina intercepting light:

Answer 24

ride side of each retina interprets left visual field

visual signal travel to the visual cortex

Question 25

axons of the optic nerve end in…

Answer 25

a grey matter island - the lateral geniculate nucleus

Question 26

sounds are…

Answer 26

waves of compressed air

Question 27

Sense of hearing begins with …

They are located …

Answer 27

vibration-sensitive mechanoreceptors

deep in the ear

Question 28

Hearing step by step process: (8)

Answer 28

1) sound travel into air canal

2) induces vibrations on the tympanic membrane/ ear drum

3) causes vibrations of tiny bones called ossicles

4) causes their motion to the oval window found at the entrance of the cochlea

5) vibration of oval window

6) causes pressure waves in the fluid in the cochlea are transmitted to hair cells which are the sensory receptors of the sound

7) hair cells release neurotransmitters = AP in neurons of auditory nerve

8) signal carried to brains

Question 29

Parts of the ear (11) + how are they split into 3 part?

Answer 29

External ear
the ear canal
the mastoid bone

eardrum
ossicles/middle ear bones
Eustachian tube

semicircular canals
cochlea
auditory nerve
vestibular nerve
facial nerve

Question 30

external ear? (1)

Answer 30

collects sound waves

Question 31

mastoid bones? (1)

Answer 31

surrounds the middle ear

Question 32

ear canal? (1)

Answer 32

carries sound waves to eardrum

Question 33

eardrum? (2)

Answer 33

vibrates from sound waves, sets middle ear in motion

Question 34

ossicles? (3)

Answer 34

malleus + incus + stapes

transmits sound waves to inner ear

balances air pressure in middle ear the ear is healthy

Question 35

Eustachian tube? (1)

Answer 35

helps control air pressure

Question 36

semicircular canals? (2)

Answer 36

3 of them at right angles

helps maintain balance

Question 37

cochlea? (2)

Answer 37

picks up sound waves

produces nerve signals

Question 38

auditory nerve? (1)

Answer 38

sound signals to brain

Question 39

vestibular nerve? (1)

Answer 39

balance signals to brain

Question 40

facial nerve (1)

Answer 40

controls muscles in face

Question 41

scientific term for taste?

Answer 41

gustation

Question 42

what is taste and how does it work?

Answer 42

a chemical sense that requires chemoreceptors.

the receptors receive sensory infor which travel to the thalamus and cerebral cortex where perceptions are made from stimuli.

Question 43

what are the different perceptions of taste? (5)

Answer 43

bitter
sweet
salty
sour
umami

Question 44

what other system is integrated into our sense of smell?

Answer 44

limbic system, it adds emotions and memories

Question 45

tongue has about … tastebuds

Answer 45

10000

Question 46

our sense of tats is linked with our sense of …

Answer 46

smell

as we chew food door molecule stable up our nasal canal - anything affecting nasal pasage dampens our sensor taste

Question 47

what do the receptors in our nose detect?

Answer 47

water soluble, aromatic and vaporised substances

Question 48

part of the nose and their jobs? (4)

Answer 48

nostrils - air flows into nasal cavity

nasal cavity - has nasal conchae/turbinates

olfactory receptor cells - dangled into nasal cavity to pick up smells

olfactory bulb - sits at the end of the olfactory nerve which brings signals to the brain/cerebral cortex.