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Development > Sensory system > Flashcards

Sensory system Flashcards

1
Q

Afferent

A

Away from stimulus to the central nervous system

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2
Q

Efferent

A

Motor, from central nervous system to muscle

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3
Q

Dorsal root ganglion

A

Holds the cell bodies of afferent neurons. contains sensory information from skin, subcutaneous, deep tissues, and viscera

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4
Q

Perception

A

Turning sensory information into meaningful information

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5
Q

Sensory integration

A

Ability do you sensory information effectively

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6
Q

Contributors to balance

A

Somatosensory systems, vision, vestibular

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7
Q

Somatosensory system

A

Provide sensory information about the body and center to the central nervous system

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8
Q

Exteroception

A

Touch

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9
Q

Interception

A

The sensation inside

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10
Q

Proprioception

A

Knowing one’s body in space

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11
Q

Receptors of the somatosensory system

A

Mechanoreceptors: touch, pressure, vibration, proprioception
Thermoreceptors: heat and cold
Nociceptors: pain

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12
Q

Somatosensory prenatal development order

A

Touch (seven weeks), vestibular, smell, hearing, vision, taste, proprioception (mid fetal life)

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13
Q

Infancy and childhood somatosensory system

A

All sensory systems are ready to function, but not mature. Peripheral nervous system is completely myelinated, increased nerve velocity, increased, pruning or axon branching, increased synaptic efficiencies.

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14
Q

Somatosensory, infancy, and childhood: touch

A

Rooting reflex used to locate food, crucial for attachment and sociability

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15
Q

12 to 16 months somatosensory system

A

Touch, localization

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16
Q

Five years somatosensory system

A

Identify objects by touch

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17
Q

Seven years somatosensory system

A

Two-point discrimination

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18
Q

Infancy and childhood proprioception

A

Used very early after birth, posture, muscle spindles mature at three years, mastery increases from 5 to 12 years

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19
Q

Somatosensory system, adolescence

A

Best during this time. To guide motor abilities and increase skills.

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20
Q

Adulthood somatosensory system

A

Sensory function begins to decline after it peaks mid 20s. Skin becomes dry and less elastic with less receptors.

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21
Q

Aging somatosensory system

A

Decrease in sensory function, decrease in sensory neurons, decrease in receptors, increased atrophy, and arthritis. Increased compensation.

22
Q

Visual system

A

Dominant sensory, modality, and humans, that controls posture, locomotion, balance, hand functions

23
Q

4 eye-movements

A

Saccades, slow pursuit (tracking), vestibular ocular reflex, vergence

24
Q

Saccades

A

Quick, Simultaneous movements of the eye from side to side

25
Q

Slow pursuit (tracking)

A

Slow control movements

26
Q

Vestibular ocular reflex

A

Stabilizes images, moves, headed in the opposite direction of eyes

27
Q

vergence

A

Movement of eyes in the same or opposite direction. Convergent or divergence

28
Q

Visual systems prenatal

A

Vision forms in thalamus inside diencephalon. Eyeballs form at the fourth week, myelination begin to the 13th week, visual cortex forms during the second half of gestation reflexive eye, blinking at six months.

29
Q

Visual system newborns

A

Most pathways develop postnatally, vision is 20/800. Black-and-white vision. Prefer human faces.

30
Q

Visual systems, infancy, and childhood

A

Postural control developed, increases, visual interest, head control, increases visual fixation .

31
Q

Visual symptoms two months

A

See colors, red and yellow. Track, vertically, horizontally, and circular.

32
Q

Visual systems Three months.

A

Prefer colors

33
Q

Visual systems 4 months

A

Full color vision, binocular vision at 3 to 5 months

34
Q

Visual systems one year

A

2020 vision.

35
Q

Visual systems, adolescence

A

More sophisticated vision, and hand eye coordination

36
Q

Visual systems, age 11

A

Can indicate the size of an object

37
Q

Visual systems, age 12

A

Can determine depth perception

38
Q

Visual systems adulthood

A

Cataracs occurs and over 30 years old. After 40 decrease in light, dark adaption. Presbyoa after 45. Vision decreases at years, 60 to 80.

39
Q

Presbyopia

A

Degeneration of the eye

40
Q

Visual systems, older adults

A

Decreasing visual activity. 60% decrease over 65, 28% decrease over 75. Lots of depth perception by 6 to 75%.

41
Q

Vestibular system

A

Position of head in space, and sudden changes, helps with eye stabilization

42
Q

Linear movement vestibular system

A

Otolith

43
Q

Rotational accelerations vestibular system

A

Semi circular

44
Q

Vestibular system prenatal

A

Begin to form from ectoderm at four weeks. At 10 weeks, semi circular canals, utricle’s, and Sacules have formed.

45
Q

Vestibular systems in infancy and childhood

A

All myelinated at birth to control against gravity, trunk righting, and equilibrium. Vestibular ocular reflex forms at 2 months

46
Q

Vestibular system adolescence

A

Full maturity is reached from 10 to 14 years. Contributes to healthy body scheme and gravitational security.

47
Q

Gravitational security

A

Ability to have your feet off the ground to be secure in space

48
Q

Vestibular system is 9 to 12 years old

A

Static balance

49
Q

Vestibular systems, 12 years old

A

Dynamic balance

50
Q

Vestibular system adulthood

A

Age related changes begin in 40s, decreasing sensory cells

51
Q

Vestibular system’s older adults

A

Increased dizziness and vertigo. 40% loss of hair cells and 36% loss of peripheral fibers. Increased threshold of excitation in the vestibular nuclei.

Development (7 decks)

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