Postural Control Flashcards
What age makes up the infancy stage of development?
0-1 year
Neonatal stage of development?
O - 2 weeks
Infant Stage of development
3 weeks - 1 year
Toddlerhood Stage of development
13m - 2y 11 M
Early childhood Stage of development
3 years - 10 years, 11 M
Preschool stages development Stage of development
3yrs - 5 yrs
Elementary school stages of development
5 yrs - 10yr, 11 m
Adolescence stages of development
11 yrs - 18 yrs
Young adulthood stages of development
18 - 22/25
Adulthood stages of development?
22-40yrs
Middle age stages of development?
40-65 yrs
Late adulthood pages of development?
65+ yrs
Infancy (erikson)
0-l yr / trust vs. Mistrust
Early childhood (erikson)
1-3 yrs / autonomy vs. shame
Preschool (erikson)
3-6 yrs/ Initiative vs. Guilt
School age (erikson)
6-12 yrs /industry vs. Inferiority
Adolescence (erikson)
12-19 yrs / identity vs, role confusion
Young adult (erikson)
20-25 yrs / intimacy vs. Isolation
Middle adulthood (Erikson)
26-64yrs / generavity vs. Stagnation
Maturity (erikson)
65+/ego integrity vs. Despair
Postural control
Controlling body position for stability and orientation
Postural orientation
Maintain relationship between segment and body and
Environment
Posture stability (balance)
Control COM in relationship to BOS
Center of mass
Center of the body mass, average of body segments
Center of mass on Adults
S2
Center of mass on child
T12
Center of gravity
Vertical projection of COM, changes with environment
Center of pressure
Center distribution of total force, sum of all forces on the floor
Base of support
Body part in contact with support surface, usually feet
Quiet stance
Small postural sways as body moves on BOS
Ideal body alignment
Minimizes affects of gravity and maintainence of equilibrium
Vertical line of body alignment
Mastoid process, anterior to shoulders, hip joints, anterior to knee joints, anterior to ankle joints
Muscle tone
Force to which a muscle resists being lengthened
Postural tone
Increase in activity of postural muscles, requires sensory input from multiple systems
Limits of stability
Ability to maintain COM W/in BOS, how far before you fall?
Stability limits
Change according to the task
Balance Considerations
Vision, vestibular, and proprioception
3 Types of Postural Control
Steady state, reactive, proactive/anticipatory
Steady state control
Non changing, ability to control COM relative to BOS, predictable conditions
Reactive Control
Feedback mechanisms, unexpected, response to outside forces, displacing COG and moving BOS
Proactive/Anticipatory Control
Feedforward, planned movement, anticipation of intent to move
What are the 4 Postural movement strategies?
Ankle strategy, hip strategy, stepping strategy, reach strategy
Ankle strategy
Small perturbation, reactive balance training
Hip Strategy
Larger, faster perturbation
Stepping Strategy
Largest, fastest
Reach strategy
Arms engage, similar to stepping strategy
Primary Standing Reflex
Newborn to 2 months, accepting weight briefly
Automatic walking reflex
Newborn to 2 months, attempting steps
Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR)
Newborn to 6 months, skull side: flexed arm and leg. Chin side: extended arm and leg
Tonic Labyrinth Reflex
Newborn to 6 months. Neck extension: increase extensor tone of extremities
Neck flexes: increase in flexor tone of extremities
Upper Extremity Parachute
6 to 7 months. Protextion of head, symmetrical arm extension and abduction
Anterior Protective Extension
6 to 9 months, hand go in front to catch
Lateral protective extension
6 to 9 months, catch on the side
Posterior protective extension
9 months, catch from fall backward
Newborn developmental changes
Large head, c curve of spine, flexion predominates
First 3 months developmental changes
Flexed posture, limb symmetry, increased spine extension, midline orientation, lift head
4 to 6 months developmental changes
Lumbar extension, head held up, hands knees position, sitting at 6 months
7 to 9 months developmental changes
Quadraped positions, creeping, sitting
10 to 12 month developmental changes
Vertical posture, pull to stand, walking
2 to 6 years developmental changes
Loss of body fat, gain more balance and flexibility
7 to 12 years developmental changes
Improved symmetry, adult skills refined, growth spurt, puberty
Adolescence developmental changes : posture control
11 years to 18 years. Ideal posture
Adulthood developmental changes: posture control
18 to 40 years. Reduced symmetry, ideal posture
Older Adulthood developmental changes
40 plus. Flexed posture, kyphosis, internal shoulder rot, cervical extension, issues with transition movements, less balance and strength
