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Development > Postural Control > Flashcards

Postural Control Flashcards

1
Q

What age makes up the infancy stage of development?

A

0-1 year

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2
Q

Neonatal stage of development?

A

O - 2 weeks

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3
Q

Infant Stage of development

A

3 weeks - 1 year

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4
Q

Toddlerhood Stage of development

A

13m - 2y 11 M

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5
Q

Early childhood Stage of development

A

3 years - 10 years, 11 M

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6
Q

Preschool stages development Stage of development

A

3yrs - 5 yrs

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7
Q

Elementary school stages of development

A

5 yrs - 10yr, 11 m

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8
Q

Adolescence stages of development

A

11 yrs - 18 yrs

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9
Q

Young adulthood stages of development

A

18 - 22/25

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10
Q

Adulthood stages of development?

A

22-40yrs

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11
Q

Middle age stages of development?

A

40-65 yrs

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12
Q

Late adulthood pages of development?

A

65+ yrs

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13
Q

Infancy (erikson)

A

0-l yr / trust vs. Mistrust

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14
Q

Early childhood (erikson)

A

1-3 yrs / autonomy vs. shame

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15
Q

Preschool (erikson)

A

3-6 yrs/ Initiative vs. Guilt

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16
Q

School age (erikson)

A

6-12 yrs /industry vs. Inferiority

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17
Q

Adolescence (erikson)

A

12-19 yrs / identity vs, role confusion

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18
Q

Young adult (erikson)

A

20-25 yrs / intimacy vs. Isolation

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19
Q

Middle adulthood (Erikson)

A

26-64yrs / generavity vs. Stagnation

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20
Q

Maturity (erikson)

A

65+/ego integrity vs. Despair

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21
Q

Postural control

A

Controlling body position for stability and orientation

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22
Q

Postural orientation

A

Maintain relationship between segment and body and
Environment

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23
Q

Posture stability (balance)

A

Control COM in relationship to BOS

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24
Q

Center of mass

A

Center of the body mass, average of body segments

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25
Q

Center of mass on Adults

A

S2

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26
Q

Center of mass on child

A

T12

27
Q

Center of gravity

A

Vertical projection of COM, changes with environment

28
Q

Center of pressure

A

Center distribution of total force, sum of all forces on the floor

29
Q

Base of support

A

Body part in contact with support surface, usually feet

30
Q

Quiet stance

A

Small postural sways as body moves on BOS

31
Q

Ideal body alignment

A

Minimizes affects of gravity and maintainence of equilibrium

32
Q

Vertical line of body alignment

A

Mastoid process, anterior to shoulders, hip joints, anterior to knee joints, anterior to ankle joints

33
Q

Muscle tone

A

Force to which a muscle resists being lengthened

34
Q

Postural tone

A

Increase in activity of postural muscles, requires sensory input from multiple systems

35
Q

Limits of stability

A

Ability to maintain COM W/in BOS, how far before you fall?

36
Q

Stability limits

A

Change according to the task

37
Q

Balance Considerations

A

Vision, vestibular, and proprioception

38
Q

3 Types of Postural Control

A

Steady state, reactive, proactive/anticipatory

39
Q

Steady state control

A

Non changing, ability to control COM relative to BOS, predictable conditions

40
Q

Reactive Control

A

Feedback mechanisms, unexpected, response to outside forces, displacing COG and moving BOS

41
Q

Proactive/Anticipatory Control

A

Feedforward, planned movement, anticipation of intent to move

42
Q

What are the 4 Postural movement strategies?

A

Ankle strategy, hip strategy, stepping strategy, reach strategy

43
Q

Ankle strategy

A

Small perturbation, reactive balance training

44
Q

Hip Strategy

A

Larger, faster perturbation

45
Q

Stepping Strategy

A

Largest, fastest

46
Q

Reach strategy

A

Arms engage, similar to stepping strategy

47
Q

Primary Standing Reflex

A

Newborn to 2 months, accepting weight briefly

48
Q

Automatic walking reflex

A

Newborn to 2 months, attempting steps

49
Q

Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR)

A

Newborn to 6 months, skull side: flexed arm and leg. Chin side: extended arm and leg

50
Q

Tonic Labyrinth Reflex

A

Newborn to 6 months. Neck extension: increase extensor tone of extremities
Neck flexes: increase in flexor tone of extremities

51
Q

Upper Extremity Parachute

A

6 to 7 months. Protextion of head, symmetrical arm extension and abduction

52
Q

Anterior Protective Extension

A

6 to 9 months, hand go in front to catch

53
Q

Lateral protective extension

A

6 to 9 months, catch on the side

54
Q

Posterior protective extension

A

9 months, catch from fall backward

55
Q

Newborn developmental changes

A

Large head, c curve of spine, flexion predominates

56
Q

First 3 months developmental changes

A

Flexed posture, limb symmetry, increased spine extension, midline orientation, lift head

57
Q

4 to 6 months developmental changes

A

Lumbar extension, head held up, hands knees position, sitting at 6 months

58
Q

7 to 9 months developmental changes

A

Quadraped positions, creeping, sitting

59
Q

10 to 12 month developmental changes

A

Vertical posture, pull to stand, walking

60
Q

2 to 6 years developmental changes

A

Loss of body fat, gain more balance and flexibility

61
Q

7 to 12 years developmental changes

A

Improved symmetry, adult skills refined, growth spurt, puberty

62
Q

Adolescence developmental changes : posture control

A

11 years to 18 years. Ideal posture

63
Q

Adulthood developmental changes: posture control

A

18 to 40 years. Reduced symmetry, ideal posture

64
Q

Older Adulthood developmental changes

A

40 plus. Flexed posture, kyphosis, internal shoulder rot, cervical extension, issues with transition movements, less balance and strength

Development (7 decks)

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