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Year 1, 2 + 3 Physiology > Sensory Receptors 2 > Flashcards

Sensory Receptors 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 proprioceptors:

A

Muscle spindles
Golgi tendon organs
Joint receptors

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2
Q

What do Muscle Spindles measure?

A

Monitor muscle length and rate of change of muscle length so they control reflexes/voluntary movement

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3
Q

What do Golgi tendon organs monitor?

A

Monitor tension on tendons (tension produced by muscle contraction so essentially measuring muscle tension)

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4
Q

Joint receptors monitor?

A

mONITOR Joint angle, rate of angular movemtn and joint tension.

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5
Q

What 3 things do proprioceptors transmit sensory info for?

A

controlling voluntary movement
spinal cord reflexes
percieving limb/body position and movement in space (Kinaesthesia)

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6
Q

What is a muscle spindle?

A

Speclised intrafusal muscle fibres contained within a capsule

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7
Q

How ae muscle spindles arranged withinm muscle?

A

In amongst extrafusal fibres, running parallel to them

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8
Q

Do intrafusal muscle fibres contain myofibrils?

A

Only the ends do not the centre

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9
Q

What type of motor neurons innervate muscle spindles?

A

Gamma motor neurons

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10
Q

What type of motor neurons innervate extrafusal fibers?

A

alpha motor neuons

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11
Q

From what part of an intrafusal muscle fibre do sensory neruons emerge?

A

The central (lacking myofibriles) section

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12
Q

What makes up golgo tendon organs?

A

Collagen fibre
Sensory neurons
A capsule

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13
Q

What makes up the capsules around muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs?

A

Connective tissue

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14
Q

What different groups of afferent neurons emerge from muscle spindles?

A

Groups I & II

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15
Q

What are nuclear bag fibres?

A

A type of intrafusal fibre

Theyre bag shaped with nuclei gethered together

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16
Q

What are nuclear chain fibres?

A

A type of intrafusal fibre

Nuclei lined up in a chain

17
Q

What are annulospiral endings?

A

Primary endings from Ia afferent nerves that spiral around the centre of intrafusal fibres (around the nuclei)

18
Q

What are flower-spray endings?

A

Secondary endings from type II afferent neurons. (at end of central section of a muscle spindle)

19
Q

Whats the main difference between alpha and gamma motorneurones?

A

Alpha are larger in diameter.

20
Q

How are action potentials triggered in muscle spindles?

A
  • When the muscle stretches
  • stretch sensitive ion channels open
  • Creates a local generator potential
  • causes regenerative action potentials
21
Q

What does the AP frequency depend on?

A

The length of the muscle Lo.

22
Q

How do we determine the rate of change of muscle length?

A

from the change in AP frequency (i.e. the slope of the line)

23
Q

How does moving the agonist muscle affect spindle dischargE?

A 
Shortening agonist (contracitng) will reduce spindle discharge
Stretching agonist increases spindle discharge
24
Q

How does moving the antagonist muscle affect spindle discharge?

A

Shortening antagonist increases spindle discharge

Stretching antagonist decreases spindle discharge.

25
Q

How does the brain know joint position?

A

From the information from spindles and joint receptors

26
Q

How are golgi tendon organs arranged relative to extrafusal muscle fibres?

A

Then are between the tendons and muscle fibres

27
Q

What does the golgi tendon organ measure?

A

Tension in muscle by tendon stretch (i.e. contracting muscle)

28
Q

How are muscle proprioceptors arranged within muscle?

A

Muscle spindles lie in parallel with extrafusal muscle fibres and Golgi tendon organs in series.

29
Q

What happens to GTOs during isometric contraction?

A

Tnesion increases so Ib sensory axons fire

Muscle stays same length so Ia afferents dont fire

30
Q

why is gamma motorneuron innervation of muscle spindles important?

A

Without it muscle spindles wouldnt contract to match extrafusal muscle fibres so wouldnt trigger 1a spindle discharges and so the brain would receive no info about muscle length. Possibly preventing use of that muscle.

31
Q

Why are gamma motorneurones activated? (hint: think sensitivity)

A

To main spindle sensitivity to changes in the extrafusal muscle fibre length by making the spindles match it.

32
Q

How do alpha and gamma motorneurons work together?

A

By alpha-gamma coactivation

Year 1, 2 + 3 Physiology (131 decks)

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