SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY

Question 1

form the physiological basis of perception

Answer 1

Senses

Question 2

nitially classified them into five familiar senses: sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch.

Answer 2

Aristotle

Question 3

four more sense other than the five familiar senses

Answer 3

body awareness, balance, heat, and pain.

Question 4

is a system consisting of sensory cells that respond to specific physical energy and correspond to brain regions where signals are received and interpreted.

Answer 4

sense

Question 5

MECHANISM OF SENSATION

Answer 5

A stimulus is transduced by a specialized receptor cell, which directly or indirectly activates a sensory neuron. Some receptors adapt to stimuli by becoming insensitive to continuous stimulation.

Question 6

nvolves detecting electromagnetic energy, with the human visible range spanning 380nm to 750nm.

Answer 6

VISION

Question 7

em waves frequency seen by the naked eye

Answer 7

380nm to 750nm

Question 8

The brain interprets images collected by photoreceptive cells in the eye as

Answer 8

sight

Question 9

are responsible for colour differentiation

Answer 9

Cones

Question 10

are responsible for contrast (light and dark) resolution.

Answer 10

rods

Question 11

Cones are concentrated in the
(highest visual acuity)

Answer 11

fovea

Question 12

rods are distributed throughout the

Answer 12

retina

Question 13

The ____________ lacks receptors and is known as the blind spot.

Answer 13

optic disc

Question 14

the optic nerve ceases to transmit visual information during rapid eye movements.

Answer 14

saccadic masking

Question 15

eyes have three sets of cones with peak sensitivities

Answer 15

red (564 nm), green (534 nm), and blue (420 nm) wavelengths.

Question 16

Colour perception is determined by the extent to which these ________ are excited.

Answer 16

cones

Question 17

can result from lacking one or more sets of cones or having cones that respond to different peak frequencies

Answer 17

Colourblindness

Question 18

is the perception of sound, resulting from hair fibres in the inner ear detecting eardrum motion.

Answer 18

HEARING

Question 19

Humans can typically detect vibrations between

Answer 19

20 to 20,000 Hz

Question 20

Sound can also be detected as vibrations conducted through the body via

Answer 20

tactition

Question 21

is one of the two main “chemical” senses.
There are receptors for sweet, salt, sour, and bitter tastes.

Answer 21

Taste (gustation)

Question 22

in taste, A fifth receptor detects glutamate, known as the

Answer 22

“umami receptor”

Question 23

The sense of taste combines

Answer 23

taste receptors, olfactory receptors, touch (mouth feel), temperature, and sight.

Question 24

is the other “chemical” sense.
Hundreds of olfactory receptors bind to particular molecular features in the nasal cavity.

Answer 24

Smell (olfaction)

Question 25

Richard Axel and Linda Buck

Answer 25

won the Nobel Prize in 2004 for explaining olfaction.

Question 26

is the sense of pressure perception.

Answer 26

Touch (tactition)

Question 27

Specialized tactile receptors in the skin, muscles, and viscera respond to different intensities and frequencies of pressures.

Answer 27

true

Question 28

is the perception of pain, which is a perceived sensation in response to stimuli that may cause tissue damage.

Answer 28

Nociception

Question 29

"Fast Pain" is carried by

Answer 29

myelinated A-delta fibres

Question 30

a sharp, localized pain that is felt right away when you experience a painful stimulus, like a pin prick or needle stick

Answer 30

"Fast Pain"

Question 31

is a type of pain that is perceived as dull, aching, burning, or cramping. It occurs after a longer delay than fast pain, and is less localized.

Answer 31

"Slow Pain"

Question 32

"Slow Pain" is carried by

Answer 32

unmyelinated C fibres.

Question 33

are free nerve endings that respond to chemical, thermal, or mechanical stimuli.

Answer 33

Nociceptors

Question 34

is the sense of heat and cold.

Answer 34

Thermoception

Question 35

are sensitive to temperatures below 37°C

Answer 35

Cold receptors

Question 36

are sensitive from 37°C to 45°C.

Answer 36

warm receptors

Question 37

are activated above 45°C.

Answer 37

Nociceptors

Question 38

Temperature receptors adapt between

Answer 38

20°C and 40°C

Question 39

Homeostatic thermoceptors near the _________ regulate internal body temperature.

Answer 39

hypothalamus

Question 40

is the perception of balance, related to the vestibular system in the inner ear.

Answer 40

Equilibrioception

Question 41

The vestibular system includes

Answer 41

semicircular canals (detecting rotatory head movements) utricle and saccule (detecting linear acceleration and gravity).

Question 42

a sensory organ in the semicircular canals detects head movements.

Answer 42

crista ampullaris

Question 43

organs in the utricle and saccule detect gravitational forces.

Answer 43

Otolith organs

Question 44

perception of body position. Stretch receptors in joints and muscles provide information to the brain about body position.

Answer 44

Proprioception