Respiratory Physiology Flashcards
is also known by respiration rate, pulmonary ventilation rate, ventilation rate, or breathing frequency is the number of breaths taken within a set amount of time, typically 60 seconds.
Respiratory rate (Vf, Rf or RR)
A normal respiratory rate is termed
eupnea
an increased respiratory rate is termed
tachypnea
a lower than normal respiratory rate is termed
bradypnea
EFFECTS OF POSTURE AND DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES ON RESPIRATION
vigorous exercise
breathinmg rate goes up
The metabolic activities of tissues consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide.
true
The internal structure of the lungs consists of a series of branching tubes that carry air to the alveoli
bronchi, bronchioles
The ultimate destination of carbon dioxide is also the
atmosphere
The ultimate source of oxygen
atmospheric air
sometimes called air sacs, are tiny thin-walled, highly vascularized structures where respiratory gas exchange occurs.
Alveoli
The principal muscle activity in quiet breathing is rhythmic contraction of the
domeshaped sheet of muscle that separates the thorax from the abdomen
diaphragm
rib movements are obvious, and greatly expand and contract the volume enclosed by the ribcage
forceful breathing
As contraction of the diaphragm pulls the lower surface of the lungs down, air is _________
inspired
muscles of the that neck assist in raising the sternum in forceful inspiration
sternomastoid
expiration is mainly passive and results from the elastic recoil of the lungs
Rib movements also occur, but in small amplitudes
quiet breathing
muscles that raise the pressure in the abdomen and push the diaphragm up, providing a powerful expiratory force.
Abdominal muscles
dual control of breathing example
Breathing movements can be made voluntarily in the same way as arm and leg movements
no conscious attention is focused on breathing, rhythmic muscle contractions will occur spontaneously
Breathing movements are unusual in that they are under _______ control from the central nervous system
dual
controlled by the respiratory center in the medulla of the brain
Spontaneous breathing
Rebreathing from a closed bag results in a
stimulates respiration
arterial hypercapnia (raised partial pressure of carbon dioxide)
This was evident through change in breathing depth and rate as time continued.
ensures that gaseous exchange at the lung matches the requirements of the body
is powerfully stimulated by a rise in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood, and more weakly stimulated by a fall in oxygen partial pressure.
respiratory center
What happened to heart rate while the breath was held?
When the breath was held, the heart rate lowered significantly. In order to conserve oxygen within body at the time the breath was held, the heart rate decreases in order to lower the functioning of oxygen-required systems, thus reducing the usage of that available oxygen.
After holding the breath, is the resulting urge to inhale or exhale?
If breath was held after exhalation, the resulting urge is to inhale. If the breath was held after inhalation, the resulting urge is to exhale.
most common of the pulmonary function tests
measuring lung function, specifically the amount (volume) and/or speed (flow) of air that can be inhaled and exhaled.
Spirometry
