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SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

__________ _____________ studies the functions of sensory organs and their ability to process stimuli from the external environment

A

Sensory Physiology

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2
Q

A system that consists of a sensory cell type that responds to a specific kind of physical energy

A

Sense

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3
Q

The Five Senses

A
  1. Sight
  2. Hearing
  3. Taste
  4. Smell
  5. Touch
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4
Q

The Other 5 Senses

A
  1. Joint Position
  2. Vibration
  3. Temperature
  4. Pain
  5. Proprioception
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5
Q

Activated by changes in pressure

a) nociceptors
b) photoreceptors
c) mechanoreceptors
d) chemoreceptors

A

Mechanoreceptors

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6
Q

Activated by light

a) nociceptors
b) photoreceptors
c) mechanoreceptors
d) chemoreceptors

A

Photoreceptors

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7
Q

Activated by chemicals

a) nociceptors
b) photoreceptors
c) mechanoreceptors
d) chemoreceptors

A

Chemoreceptors

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8
Q

Activated by temperature

a) thermoreceptors
b) chemoreceptors
c) nociceptors
d) cold receptors

A

Thermoreceptors

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9
Q

Activated by pain caused by extreme senses

a) nociceptors
b) photoreceptors
c) mechanoreceptors
d) chemoreceptors

A

Nociceptors

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10
Q

Process by which a sensory system becomes insensitive to continuous stimulation

a) evolution
b) mutation
c) adaptation
d) proprioception

A

Adaptation

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11
Q

______________ (pain) do not adapt; Essential for survival

a) hypothalamus
b) nociceptors
c) cold receptors
d) mechanoreceptors

A

Nociceptors

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12
Q
  • AKA “Tactition”
  • Found in the skin, muscles, and viscera
  • Respond to varying intensities and frequencies of pressure
A

Touch

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13
Q
  • Found in hairy and glabrous skin
  • Detect corners, edges, and curves

a) fast pain
b) optic disc
c) merkel’s disc
d) pacinian corpuscles

A

Merkel’s disc

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14
Q

Nerve endings found in hairy skin

a) golgi tendon organs
b) ruffini nerve endings
c) pacinian corpuscles
d) merkel’s disc

A

Ruffini nerve endings

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15
Q
  • Found in glabrous skin (palm and finger)
  • Most sensitive

a) slow pain
b) pacinian corpuscles
c) nociceptors
d) chemoreceptors

A

Pacinian corpuscles

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16
Q
  • Found in glabrous skin
  • Sensitive to dynamic changes in the skin

a) merkel’s disc
b) nociceptors
c) meissner corpuscles
d) slow pain

A

Meissner corpuscle

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17
Q
  • AKA ‘Nociception’
  • Response to stimuli that cause tissue damage

a) meissner corpuscle
b) bone conduction
c) pain/nociception
d) air conduction

A

Pain

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18
Q

Carried by myelinated Type A-delta fibers

a) slow pain
b) fast pain

A

Fast Pain

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19
Q

Carried to unmyelinated Type C fibers

a) slow pain
b) fast pain

A

Slow Pain

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20
Q
  • AKA ‘Thermoception’
  • Found in the subcutaneous layer of the skin
A

Temperature

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21
Q

Cold receptors temperatures:

A

below 37ºC

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22
Q

Warm receptors temperatures:

A

between 35ºC to 45ºC

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23
Q

The body’s ‘internal thermostat’

a) hypothalamus
b) cerebellum
c) medulla oblongata

A

Hypothalamus

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24
Q
  • AKA ‘Gustation’
  • Sweet, salt, sour, bitter
A

Taste

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25
The 'umami' receptor detects the amino acid ________________. a) dopamine b) hypothalamus c) glutamate d) acetylcholine
Glutamate (Glu)
26
- AKA ‘Olfaction’ - Olfactory receptors are found in the roof of the nasal cavity
Smell
27
- AKA ‘Audition’ - Sense of sound perception
Hearing
28
Normal range of hearing: a) 5 to 200,000 Hz b) 100 to 100,000 Hz c) 10 to 10,000 Hz d) 20 to 20,000 Hz
20 to 20,000 Hz
29
Detection of sound waves as vibrations by the body a) gustation b) tactition c) nociception d) audition
Tactition
30
The perception of balance a) equilibrioception b) proprioception c) equilibrium
Equilibrioception
31
Contain fluid known as endolymph that detects rotatory movements of the head a) vestibule b) semicircular canals c) tympanic membrane d) utricle and saccule
Semicircular canals
32
Component of the vestibular system that are otolith organs that detect linear acceleration and the effects of gravity a) vision b) sight c) utricle and saccule d) semicircular canals
Utricle and Saccule
33
Crystals of the utricle and saccule that aid in the detection of gravity a) calcium oxalate monohydrate b) calcium carbonate crystals c) Ca2+
Calcium carbonate crystals
34
The perception of body position a) gustation b) nociception c) proprioception d) audition
Proprioception
35
The ability to detect electromagnetic energy a) olfaction b) vision c) hearing d) taste
Vision
36
Visible spectrum range: a) 350nm to 800nm b) 380nm to 750nm c) 250nm to 500nm d) 300nm to 600nm
380nm to 750nm
37
Two types of cells:
1. Cones 2. Rods
38
- Responsible for color differentiation - Found in the Fovea of the eye a) rods b) cones c) fovea
Cones
39
Responsible for light and dark (contrast) a) rods b) cones c) fovea
Rods
40
- The region of highest visual acuity - Cones are predominantly found here a) cones b) optic disc c) fovea d) rods
Fovea
41
- Known as the ‘blind spot’ due to a lack of receptors - Where the nerves and retinal blood vessels enter and exit a) fovea b) cones c) optic nerve d) optic disc
Optic disc
42
- “Extremely rapid eye movement” - During the rapid movement, the optic nerve ceases to transmit visual information a) stroop interference b) saccadic dysmetria c) saccadic masking d) posterior parietal complex
Saccadic masking
43
Occurs when people lack one or more sets of cones OR have cones that respond to different peak frequencies a) night blindness b) slow pain c) codominance d) color blindness
Color blindness
44
Most common congenital color blindness
Red-green color blindness
45
Who was the first to classify the five senses? a) darwin b) aristotle c) newton d) oppenheimer
Aristotle
46
Interpretation of a normal Rinne result a) proprioception b) AC > BC in both ears c) midline d) semicircular canals
AC > BC in both ears
47
Interpretation of a normal Weber result a) sagittal plane b) medial c) superior d) midline
midline
48
In Rinne's test, it is when we immediately place the prongs of the fork 2cm away from the external auditory meatus of the ear once no sound is perceived in bone conduction a) temporal lobe function b) breathing c) bone conduction d) air conduction
Air conduction
49
In Rinne's test, it is when we press the base of the tuning form against the mastoid portion and note the duration that the sound can be perceived by the subject a) hearing b) eustachian tube c) air conduction d) bone conduction
Bone conduction
50
Where are the olfactory receptors found? a) subcutaneous layers of the skin b) roof of nasal cavity c) skin, muscles, and viscera d) nasal turbinates
Roof of nasal cavity
51
Also known as "smell"
Olfaction
52
A combination of taste receptors, olfactory receptors, touch (mouth feel), temperature, and sight a) vision b) hearing c) sight d) taste
Taste
53
Temperature receptors that are sensitive to temperatures below 37ºC a) warm receptors b) cold receptors
Cold receptors
54
Temperature receptors that are sensitive to temperatures between 35ºC and 45ºC a) warm receptors b) cold receptors
Warm receptors
55
Where is Merkel's disc found? a) hairy and glabrous skin b) bone conduction c) utricle and saccule d) skin, muscles, and viscera
hairy and glabrous skin
56
Where are tactile receptors found? a) hairy and glabrous skin b) roof of nasal cavity c) skin, muscles, and viscera d) utricle and saccule
skin, muscles and viscera
57
Another term for "touch" a) tactition b) audition c) gustation d) nociception
tactition
58
The brain interprets the image collected by the photoreceptor cells in the eye as __________.
sight
59
Where are the temperature receptors found? a) subcutaneous layers of the skin b) stratum mucosal c) skin, muscles, and viscera d) roof of nasal cavity
Subcutaneous layers of the skin
60
What happens during saccadic masking? a) optic nerve ceases to transmit virtual information b) bond conduction c) air conduction d) adaptation
Optic nerve ceases to transmit virtual information

LBBBI15 (10 decks)

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