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LBBBI15 > SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY > Flashcards

SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

__________ _____________ studies the functions of sensory organs and their ability to process stimuli from the external environment

A

Sensory Physiology

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2
Q

A system that consists of a sensory cell type that responds to a specific kind of physical energy

A

Sense

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3
Q

The Five Senses

A
  1. Sight
  2. Hearing
  3. Taste
  4. Smell
  5. Touch
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4
Q

The Other 5 Senses

A
  1. Joint Position
  2. Vibration
  3. Temperature
  4. Pain
  5. Proprioception
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5
Q

Activated by changes in pressure

a) nociceptors
b) photoreceptors
c) mechanoreceptors
d) chemoreceptors

A

Mechanoreceptors

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6
Q

Activated by light

a) nociceptors
b) photoreceptors
c) mechanoreceptors
d) chemoreceptors

A

Photoreceptors

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7
Q

Activated by chemicals

a) nociceptors
b) photoreceptors
c) mechanoreceptors
d) chemoreceptors

A

Chemoreceptors

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8
Q

Activated by temperature

a) thermoreceptors
b) chemoreceptors
c) nociceptors
d) cold receptors

A

Thermoreceptors

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9
Q

Activated by pain caused by extreme senses

a) nociceptors
b) photoreceptors
c) mechanoreceptors
d) chemoreceptors

A

Nociceptors

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10
Q

Process by which a sensory system becomes insensitive to continuous stimulation

a) evolution
b) mutation
c) adaptation
d) proprioception

A

Adaptation

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11
Q

______________ (pain) do not adapt; Essential for survival

a) hypothalamus
b) nociceptors
c) cold receptors
d) mechanoreceptors

A

Nociceptors

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12
Q
  • AKA “Tactition”
  • Found in the skin, muscles, and viscera
  • Respond to varying intensities and frequencies of pressure
A

Touch

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13
Q
  • Found in hairy and glabrous skin
  • Detect corners, edges, and curves

a) fast pain
b) optic disc
c) merkel’s disc
d) pacinian corpuscles

A

Merkel’s disc

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14
Q

Nerve endings found in hairy skin

a) golgi tendon organs
b) ruffini nerve endings
c) pacinian corpuscles
d) merkel’s disc

A

Ruffini nerve endings

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15
Q
  • Found in glabrous skin (palm and finger)
  • Most sensitive

a) slow pain
b) pacinian corpuscles
c) nociceptors
d) chemoreceptors

A

Pacinian corpuscles

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16
Q
  • Found in glabrous skin
  • Sensitive to dynamic changes in the skin

a) merkel’s disc
b) nociceptors
c) meissner corpuscles
d) slow pain

A

Meissner corpuscle

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17
Q
  • AKA ‘Nociception’
  • Response to stimuli that cause tissue damage

a) meissner corpuscle
b) bone conduction
c) pain/nociception
d) air conduction

A

Pain

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18
Q

Carried by myelinated Type A-delta fibers

a) slow pain
b) fast pain

A

Fast Pain

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19
Q

Carried to unmyelinated Type C fibers

a) slow pain
b) fast pain

A

Slow Pain

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20
Q
  • AKA ‘Thermoception’
  • Found in the subcutaneous layer of the skin
A

Temperature

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21
Q

Cold receptors temperatures:

A

below 37ºC

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22
Q

Warm receptors temperatures:

A

between 35ºC to 45ºC

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23
Q

The body’s ‘internal thermostat’

a) hypothalamus
b) cerebellum
c) medulla oblongata

A

Hypothalamus

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24
Q
  • AKA ‘Gustation’
  • Sweet, salt, sour, bitter
A

Taste

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25
Q

The ‘umami’ receptor detects the amino acid ________________.

a) dopamine
b) hypothalamus
c) glutamate
d) acetylcholine

A

Glutamate (Glu)

26
Q
  • AKA ‘Olfaction’
  • Olfactory receptors are found in the roof of the nasal cavity
27
Q
  • AKA ‘Audition’
  • Sense of sound perception
28
Q

Normal range of hearing:

a) 5 to 200,000 Hz
b) 100 to 100,000 Hz
c) 10 to 10,000 Hz
d) 20 to 20,000 Hz

A

20 to 20,000 Hz

29
Q

Detection of sound waves as vibrations by the body

a) gustation
b) tactition
c) nociception
d) audition

30
Q

The perception of balance

a) equilibrioception
b) proprioception
c) equilibrium

A

Equilibrioception

31
Q

Contain fluid known as endolymph that detects rotatory movements of the head

a) vestibule
b) semicircular canals
c) tympanic membrane
d) utricle and saccule

A

Semicircular canals

32
Q

Component of the vestibular system that are otolith organs that detect linear acceleration and the effects of gravity

a) vision
b) sight
c) utricle and saccule
d) semicircular canals

A

Utricle and Saccule

33
Q

Crystals of the utricle and saccule that aid in the detection of gravity

a) calcium oxalate monohydrate
b) calcium carbonate crystals
c) Ca2+

A

Calcium carbonate crystals

34
Q

The perception of body position

a) gustation
b) nociception
c) proprioception
d) audition

A

Proprioception

35
Q

The ability to detect electromagnetic energy

a) olfaction
b) vision
c) hearing
d) taste

36
Q

Visible spectrum range:

a) 350nm to 800nm
b) 380nm to 750nm
c) 250nm to 500nm
d) 300nm to 600nm

A

380nm to 750nm

37
Q

Two types of cells:

A
  1. Cones
  2. Rods
38
Q
  • Responsible for color differentiation
  • Found in the Fovea of the eye

a) rods
b) cones
c) fovea

39
Q

Responsible for light and dark (contrast)

a) rods
b) cones
c) fovea

40
Q
  • The region of highest visual acuity
  • Cones are predominantly found here

a) cones
b) optic disc
c) fovea
d) rods

41
Q
  • Known as the ‘blind spot’ due to a lack of receptors
  • Where the nerves and retinal blood vessels enter and exit

a) fovea
b) cones
c) optic nerve
d) optic disc

A

Optic disc

42
Q
  • “Extremely rapid eye movement”
  • During the rapid movement, the optic nerve ceases to transmit visual information

a) stroop interference
b) saccadic dysmetria
c) saccadic masking
d) posterior parietal complex

A

Saccadic masking

43
Q

Occurs when people lack one or more sets of cones OR have cones that respond to different peak frequencies

a) night blindness
b) slow pain
c) codominance
d) color blindness

A

Color blindness

44
Q

Most common congenital color blindness

A

Red-green color blindness

45
Q

Who was the first to classify the five senses?

a) darwin
b) aristotle
c) newton
d) oppenheimer

46
Q

Interpretation of a normal Rinne result

a) proprioception
b) AC > BC in both ears
c) midline
d) semicircular canals

A

AC > BC in both ears

47
Q

Interpretation of a normal Weber result

a) sagittal plane
b) medial
c) superior
d) midline

48
Q

In Rinne’s test, it is when we immediately place the prongs of the fork 2cm away from the external auditory meatus of the ear once no sound is perceived in bone conduction

a) temporal lobe function
b) breathing
c) bone conduction
d) air conduction

A

Air conduction

49
Q

In Rinne’s test, it is when we press the base of the tuning form against the mastoid portion and note the duration that the sound can be perceived by the subject

a) hearing
b) eustachian tube
c) air conduction
d) bone conduction

A

Bone conduction

50
Q

Where are the olfactory receptors found?

a) subcutaneous layers of the skin
b) roof of nasal cavity
c) skin, muscles, and viscera
d) nasal turbinates

A

Roof of nasal cavity

51
Q

Also known as “smell”

52
Q

A combination of taste receptors, olfactory receptors, touch (mouth feel), temperature, and sight

a) vision
b) hearing
c) sight
d) taste

53
Q

Temperature receptors that are sensitive to temperatures below 37ºC

a) warm receptors
b) cold receptors

A

Cold receptors

54
Q

Temperature receptors that are sensitive to temperatures between 35ºC and 45ºC

a) warm receptors
b) cold receptors

A

Warm receptors

55
Q

Where is Merkel’s disc found?

a) hairy and glabrous skin
b) bone conduction
c) utricle and saccule
d) skin, muscles, and viscera

A

hairy and glabrous skin

56
Q

Where are tactile receptors found?

a) hairy and glabrous skin
b) roof of nasal cavity
c) skin, muscles, and viscera
d) utricle and saccule

A

skin, muscles and viscera

57
Q

Another term for “touch”

a) tactition
b) audition
c) gustation
d) nociception

58
Q

The brain interprets the image collected by the photoreceptor cells in the eye as __________.

59
Q

Where are the temperature receptors found?

a) subcutaneous layers of the skin
b) stratum mucosal
c) skin, muscles, and viscera
d) roof of nasal cavity

A

Subcutaneous layers of the skin

60
Q

What happens during saccadic masking?

a) optic nerve ceases to transmit virtual information
b) bond conduction
c) air conduction
d) adaptation

A

Optic nerve ceases to transmit virtual information

LBBBI15 (10 decks)

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