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LBBBI15 > RENAL PHYSIOLOGY/URINALYSIS > Flashcards

RENAL PHYSIOLOGY/URINALYSIS Flashcards

1
Q

The most important function of the kidney is its

A

ability to maintain the stability of the ECF volume, electrolyte composition and osmolarity

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2
Q

What is the 60-40-15-5 Rule?

A

60% = water
40% = intracellular fluid
20% = extracellular fluid
–> 15% = interstitial fluid
–> 5% = plasma

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3
Q

Where is the kidney located?

A

T12-L3

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4
Q

Where is the kidney situated?

A

retroperitoneum

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5
Q

The kidney is divided into:

A
  1. Outer: Renal Cortex
  2. Inner: Renal Medulla
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6
Q

Fill in the blanks: Formed ____________ the kidney, ____________ the ureter, and is_________________________.

A

urine exits, through, renal pelvis, stored in the urinary bladder

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7
Q

Functions:

A
  1. H2O balance
  2. osmolarity
  3. electrolytes
  4. plasma volume
  5. Acid-Base
  6. Eliminating waste products
  7. Eliminating drugs
  8. Erythropoietin
  9. blood pressure through renin production
  10. Vitamin D to its active form
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8
Q

What is the unit of the kidney?

A

Nephron

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9
Q

What is the nephron?

A

structural and functional units

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10
Q

What is nephron made up of?

A
  1. vascular component
  2. tubular component
  3. combined component
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11
Q

Two major types of Nephrons

A
  1. Cortical Nephron
  2. Juxtamedullary Nephron
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12
Q

Make up 75% of nephrons

A

Cortical Nephron

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13
Q

Make up 25% of nephrons

A

Juxtamedullary Nephron

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14
Q

Located in the renal cortex

A

Cortical Nephron

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15
Q

Located in the corticomedullary junction

A

Juxtamedullary Nephron

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16
Q

Shorter Loops of Henle

A

Cortical Nephron

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17
Q

Longer Loops of Henle

A

Juxtamedullary Nephron

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18
Q

Has peritubular capillaries

A

Cortical Nephron

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19
Q

Has vasa recta

A

Juxtamedullary Nephron

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20
Q

Vascular Component consists of

A
  1. Afferent arteriole
  2. Glomerulus
  3. Efferent arteriole
  4. Peritubular arteriole
  5. Vasa Recta
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21
Q

carries blood to the glomerulus

A

Afferent arteriole

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22
Q

tuft of capillaries that filters plasma into the tubular component

A

Glomerulus

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23
Q

carries blood away from the glomerulus

A

Efferent arteriole

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24
Q

involved in the exchange of substances with the fluid in the tubular component

A

Peritubular capillaries

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25
serves as an osmotic exchanger for the concentration of urine
Vasa recta
26
Tubular Component consists of
1. Bowman's Capsule 2. Proximal Tubule 3. Loop of Henle 4. Distal Tubule 5. Collecting Duct
27
collects the glomerular filtrate
Bowman's capsule
28
Site of reabsorption of 100% of Glucose and amino acids
Proximal Tubule
29
Establishes the osmolarity of urine
Loop of Henle
30
Descending limb: permeable to
water
31
Ascending limb: permeable to
solutes
32
Reabsorption of Na
Distal Tubule
33
Variable reabsorption and secretion of K
Distal Tubule
34
Secretion of H+
Distal Tubule
35
Site of Macula Densa
Distal Tubule
36
Site of action of Antidiuretic Hormone
Collecting Duct
37
____ urine volume & ______ urine concentration
low, high
38
Combined Component consists of
1. Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
39
Found in the walls of the afferent arterioles
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
40
Produces Renin which helps in the maintenance of blood pressure
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
41
Basic Steps in Urine Formation
1. Glomerular Filtration 2. Tubular Reabsorption 3. Tubular Secretion 4. Excretion
42
It is the process of expelling urine
Micturition
43
Initiated by a nervous reflex that causes contraction of the detrusor muscle
Micturition
44
Is the analysis of urine
Urinalysis
45
Urinalysis is divided into:
1. Physical examination 2. Chemical examination 3. Microscopic examination
46
Volume in P.E of urine
0.5-1.5 mL/kg/hour
47
End product of bilirubin metabolism
Urobilinogen
48
Urobilinogen is elevated in:
Hemolysis, liver disease, blood dyscrasias
49
Normal Proteinuria
<150mg/day
50
Normal Albuminuria
<30mg/day
51
increased quantity of proteins in the serum
Overflow proteinuria
52
due to low reabsorption at proximal tubule
Fanconi syndrome
53
Normal pH of urine
5.5-6.5
54
If alkaline, the most common cause is
stale or old urine specimens
55
Presence of blood cells in urine
Hematuria
56
Caused by renal stones, kidney diseases, or trauma
Hematuria
57
Product of body fat metabolism
Ketone Bodies
58
presence of ketone bodies in urine
Ketonuria
59
Most commonly caused by Hepatocellular (liver) disease
Bilirubinuria
60
Abnormality where conjugated bilirubin is detected in urine
Bilirubinuria
61
100% of glucose is reabsorbed in
proximal tubule
62
TRUE or FALSE: urine should contain glucose
FALSE
63
caused by untreated Diabetes Mellitus
Glycosuria
64
increased frequency of urination
polyuria
65
waking up to urinate more than once per night
nocturia
66
Usually seen when glucose serum levels exceed
180 mg/dL
67
Also known as Renal Calculi/Kidney Stones
Urinary Stones
68
Formed as a result of a crystal or crystalline concentration
Urinary Stones
69
occurs from supersaturation of a certain solute
Concretion
70
Most common type Linked to high consumption of food high in oxalate
Calcium Oxalate
71
Caused by hyperparathyroidism, renal tubular acidosis or UTI
Calcium Phosphate
72
Result of certain types of UTI
Struvite
73
Occur in people who don't drink enough water or have a diet high in animal protein
Uric Acid
74
Caused by a genetic disorder called cystinuria --> excessive cystine in urine
Cystine
75
Are formed from an aggregation of proteins called Tamm-Horsfall proteins
Urinary Casts

LBBBI15 (10 decks)

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