RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY

Question 1

conducts air and is not involved in gas exchange

a) conducting zone
b) respiratory zone
c) dead space

Answer 1

Conducting Zone

Question 2

involved in gas exchange

a) conducting zone
b) respiratory zone
c) dead space

Answer 2

Respiratory Zone

Question 3

The parts involved in the conducting zone

a) anatomic dead space
b) physiologic dead space
c) alveolar dead space

Answer 3

Anatomic Dead Space

Question 4

Part involved in the respiratory zone that does not undergo gas exchange due to lung disease

a) anatomic dead space
b) physiologic dead space
c) alveolar dead space

Answer 4

Alveolar Dead Space

Question 5

Anatomic Dead Space + Alveolar Dead Space

a) anatomic dead space
b) physiologic dead space
c) alveolar dead space

Answer 5

Physiologic Dead Space

Question 6

What is the functional anatomic unit of the lung?

a) bronchopulmonary segments
b) respiratory zone
c) trachea, bronchi, and alveoli

Answer 6

Bronchopulmonary Segments

Question 7

Main Muscle involved in breathing

a) diaphragm
b) alveolar dead space
c) ventilation
d) anatomic dead space

Answer 7

Diaphragm

Question 8

Dome-shaped and separates the thorax from the abdomen

Answer 8

Diaphragm

Question 9

[Inspiration/Expiration]

The diaphragm increases the volume of the chest → intrathoracic pressure falls (becomes more negative) → air flows into the lungs

Answer 9

During Inspiration

Question 10

[Inspiration/Expiration]

The diaphragm relaxes → intrathoracic pressure increases (becomes more positive) → air flows out of the lungs

Answer 10

During Expiration

Question 11

What part of the brain is known as the ‘respiratory center’ of the body?

a) mucociliary
b) vocalization
c) medulla oblongata
d) diaphragm

Answer 11

Medulla Oblongata

Question 12

coming from the right ventricle of the heart through the pulmonary artery

a) oxygenated blood
b) deoxygenated blood

Answer 12

Oxygenated blood

Question 13

Maintenance of the Acid-Base Balance:

[Retains/Excretes] CO2 if the pH of the blood is too basic

Answer 13

Retains = basic

Question 14

Maintenance of the Acid-Base Balance:

[Retains/Excretes] CO2 if the pH of the blood is too acidic

Answer 14

Excretes = acidic

Question 15

prevents and expels foreign objects before reaching the lungs

a) pulmonary, systemic
b) spirometry
c) mucociliary
d) oxygenates

Answer 15

Mucociliary clearance system

Question 16

Site of gas exchange

Answer 16

Alveoli

Question 17

Produces surfactant which decreases surface tension and prevents alveolar collapse

a) Type I Pneumocyte
b) Type II Pneumocyte
c) Type III Pneumocyte

Answer 17

Type II Pneumocyte

Question 18

• 96-98% of surface area
• For gas exchange

a) Type I Pneumocyte
b) Type II Pneumocyte
c) Type III Pneumocyte

Answer 18

Type I Pneumocyte

Question 19

Main component of surfactant:

a) trachea, bronchi, and alveoli
b) respiratory zone
c) dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
d) alveoli

Answer 19

Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine

Question 20

AKA ‘breathing’

Answer 20

Respiration

Question 21

Exchange of air between atmosphere and alveoli

a) pulmonary, systemic
b) respiration
c) pulmonary ventilation
d) systemic ventilation

Answer 21

Pulmonary Ventilation

Question 22

Gas [transport/exchange] of O2 and CO2 between alveolar air and blood in the lung capillaries by diffusion

Answer 22

Exchange

Question 23

Gas [exchange/transport] of O2 and CO2 through pulmonary and systemic circulation

Answer 23

Transport

Question 24

Cellular utilization of O2 and production of CO2

Answer 24

Cellular respiration

Question 25

Gas exchange of O2 and CO2 between blood in tissue capillaries and cells in tissues by:

Answer 25

diffusion

Question 26

One of the most commonly used approaches to test pulmonary function a) vocalization b) pulmonary, systemic c) spirometry d) mucociliary

Answer 26

Spirometry

Question 27

Volume of air that can be expired in the first second of a forced maximal expiration a) tidal volume (TV) b) residual volume (RV) c) forced expiratory volume (FEV1) d) expiratory volume (EV)

Answer 27

Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1)

Question 28

Volume inspired and expired in a normal breath a) inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) b) tidal volume (TV) c) expiratory reserve volume (erv) d) residual volume (RV)

Answer 28

Tidal Volume (TV)

Question 29

Volume that can be inspired over and above the tidal volume (Used in exercise) a) inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) b) expiratory reserve volume (ERV) c) residual volume (RV) d) tidal volume (TV)

Answer 29

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

Question 30

Volume that can be expired after the expiration of tidal volume a) inspiratory reseve volume (IRV) b) residual volume (RV) c) expiratory reserve volume (ERV) d) tidal volume (TV)

Answer 30

Expiratory Reserve volume (ERV)

Question 31

Volume that remains in the lungs after a maximal expiration (after ERV) a) expiratory reserve volume (ERV) b) tidal volume (TV) c) residual volume (RV) d) inspiratory capacity (IC)

Answer 31

Residual Volume (RV)

Question 32

Lung Capacity: TV + IRV a) total lung capacity (TLC) b) vital capacity (VC) c) inspiratory capacity (IC) d) functional residual capacity (FRC)

Answer 32

Inspiratory Capacity (IC)

Question 33

Lung Capacity: - TV + IRV + ERV - The volume that can be forcibly expired after a maximal inspiration a) total lung capacity (TLC) b) vital capacity (VC) c) inspiratory capacity (IC) d) functional residual capacity (FRC)

Answer 33

Vital Capacity (VC)

Question 34

Lung Capacity: - ERV + RV - Volume in the lungs after a TV is expired a) total lung capacity (TLC) b) vital capacity (VC) c) inspiratory capacity (IC) d) functional residual capacity (FRC)

Answer 34

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)

Question 35

Lung Capaity: - Total lung volume (~6L) a) total lung capacity (TLC) b) vital capacity (VC) c) inspiratory capacity (IC) d) functional residual capacity (FRC)

Answer 35

Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

Question 36

Which two lung volumes CANNOT be measured by spirometry a) residual volume (RV) and tidal volume (TV) b) residual volume (RV) and functional residual capacity (FRC) c) IRV and ERV

Answer 36

Residual Volume (RV) & Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)

Question 37

Gas transport of O2 and CO2 through _________________ and ________________ circulation a) pulmonary, systemic b) nose, sinuses, and larynx c) vocalization d) mucociliary

Answer 37

pulmonary and systemic

Question 38

What happens to the diaphragm during expiration? a) it relaxes, and intrathoracic pressure increases (becomes more positive) then air flows out of the lungs b) increases volume of the chest and intrathoracic pressure falls (becomes more negative), then air flows into the lungs

Answer 38

It relaxes, and intrathoracic pressure increases (becomes more positive), then air flows out of the lungs

Question 39

Functions of the Respiratory System:

Answer 39

1. Oxygenates blood 2. Vocalization of sounds 3. Metabolic capabilities 4. Blood pressure regulation 5. Maintenance of the Acid-Base Balance 6. Mucociliary clearance system 7. Humidifies air 8. Immune Defense