RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards
conducts air and is not involved in gas exchange
a) conducting zone
b) respiratory zone
c) dead space
Conducting Zone
involved in gas exchange
a) conducting zone
b) respiratory zone
c) dead space
Respiratory Zone
The parts involved in the conducting zone
a) anatomic dead space
b) physiologic dead space
c) alveolar dead space
Anatomic Dead Space
Part involved in the respiratory zone that does not undergo gas exchange due to lung disease
a) anatomic dead space
b) physiologic dead space
c) alveolar dead space
Alveolar Dead Space
Anatomic Dead Space + Alveolar Dead Space
a) anatomic dead space
b) physiologic dead space
c) alveolar dead space
Physiologic Dead Space
What is the functional anatomic unit of the lung?
a) bronchopulmonary segments
b) respiratory zone
c) trachea, bronchi, and alveoli
Bronchopulmonary Segments
Main Muscle involved in breathing
a) diaphragm
b) alveolar dead space
c) ventilation
d) anatomic dead space
Diaphragm
Dome-shaped and separates the thorax from the abdomen
Diaphragm
[Inspiration/Expiration]
The diaphragm increases the volume of the chest → intrathoracic pressure falls (becomes more negative) → air flows into the lungs
During Inspiration
[Inspiration/Expiration]
The diaphragm relaxes → intrathoracic pressure increases (becomes more positive) → air flows out of the lungs
During Expiration
What part of the brain is known as the ‘respiratory center’ of the body?
a) mucociliary
b) vocalization
c) medulla oblongata
d) diaphragm
Medulla Oblongata
coming from the right ventricle of the heart through the pulmonary artery
a) oxygenated blood
b) deoxygenated blood
Oxygenated blood
Maintenance of the Acid-Base Balance:
[Retains/Excretes] CO2 if the pH of the blood is too basic
Retains = basic
Maintenance of the Acid-Base Balance:
[Retains/Excretes] CO2 if the pH of the blood is too acidic
Excretes = acidic
prevents and expels foreign objects before reaching the lungs
a) pulmonary, systemic
b) spirometry
c) mucociliary
d) oxygenates
Mucociliary clearance system
Site of gas exchange
Alveoli
Produces surfactant which decreases surface tension and prevents alveolar collapse
a) Type I Pneumocyte
b) Type II Pneumocyte
c) Type III Pneumocyte
Type II Pneumocyte
- 96-98% of surface area
- For gas exchange
a) Type I Pneumocyte
b) Type II Pneumocyte
c) Type III Pneumocyte
Type I Pneumocyte
Main component of surfactant:
a) trachea, bronchi, and alveoli
b) respiratory zone
c) dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
d) alveoli
Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
AKA ‘breathing’
Respiration
Exchange of air between atmosphere and alveoli
a) pulmonary, systemic
b) respiration
c) pulmonary ventilation
d) systemic ventilation
Pulmonary Ventilation
Gas [transport/exchange] of O2 and CO2 between alveolar air and blood in the lung capillaries by diffusion
Exchange
Gas [exchange/transport] of O2 and CO2 through pulmonary and systemic circulation
Transport
Cellular utilization of O2 and production of CO2
Cellular respiration
Gas exchange of O2 and CO2 between blood in tissue capillaries and cells in tissues by:
diffusion
One of the most commonly used approaches to test pulmonary function
a) vocalization
b) pulmonary, systemic
c) spirometry
d) mucociliary
Spirometry
Volume of air that can be expired in the first second of a forced maximal expiration
a) tidal volume (TV)
b) residual volume (RV)
c) forced expiratory volume (FEV1)
d) expiratory volume (EV)
Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1)
Volume inspired and expired in a normal breath
a) inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
b) tidal volume (TV)
c) expiratory reserve volume (erv)
d) residual volume (RV)
Tidal Volume (TV)
Volume that can be inspired over and above the tidal volume (Used in exercise)
a) inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
b) expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
c) residual volume (RV)
d) tidal volume (TV)
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
Volume that can be expired after the expiration of tidal volume
a) inspiratory reseve volume (IRV)
b) residual volume (RV)
c) expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
d) tidal volume (TV)
Expiratory Reserve volume (ERV)
Volume that remains in the lungs after a maximal expiration (after ERV)
a) expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
b) tidal volume (TV)
c) residual volume (RV)
d) inspiratory capacity (IC)
Residual Volume (RV)
Lung Capacity:
TV + IRV
a) total lung capacity (TLC)
b) vital capacity (VC)
c) inspiratory capacity (IC)
d) functional residual capacity (FRC)
Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
Lung Capacity:
- TV + IRV + ERV
- The volume that can be forcibly expired after a maximal inspiration
a) total lung capacity (TLC)
b) vital capacity (VC)
c) inspiratory capacity (IC)
d) functional residual capacity (FRC)
Vital Capacity (VC)
Lung Capacity:
- ERV + RV
- Volume in the lungs after a TV is expired
a) total lung capacity (TLC)
b) vital capacity (VC)
c) inspiratory capacity (IC)
d) functional residual capacity (FRC)
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
Lung Capaity:
- Total lung volume (~6L)
a) total lung capacity (TLC)
b) vital capacity (VC)
c) inspiratory capacity (IC)
d) functional residual capacity (FRC)
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
Which two lung volumes CANNOT be measured by spirometry
a) residual volume (RV) and tidal volume (TV)
b) residual volume (RV) and functional residual capacity (FRC)
c) IRV and ERV
Residual Volume (RV) & Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
Gas transport of O2 and CO2 through _________________ and ________________ circulation
a) pulmonary, systemic
b) nose, sinuses, and larynx
c) vocalization
d) mucociliary
pulmonary and systemic
What happens to the diaphragm during expiration?
a) it relaxes, and intrathoracic pressure increases (becomes more positive) then air flows out of the lungs
b) increases volume of the chest and intrathoracic pressure falls (becomes more negative), then air flows into the lungs
It relaxes, and intrathoracic pressure increases (becomes more positive), then air flows out of the lungs
Functions of the Respiratory System:
- Oxygenates blood
- Vocalization of sounds
- Metabolic capabilities
- Blood pressure regulation
- Maintenance of the Acid-Base Balance
- Mucociliary clearance system
- Humidifies air
- Immune Defense
