Sensory Perception and Cognitive Process

Question 1

Caring for a pt with Kinesthetic alterations:

Answer 1

• call for assistance before ambulating
• change position and stand slowly
• keep noise at a minimum
• installation of a grab bar
• well lighted rooms
• use assistant devices

Question 2

`Caring for a pt with Visual alterations:

Answer 2

• oriented to items in room
• use glasses/contacts
• describe placement of food by #’s on a clock
• remove rugs
• bright lights

Question 3

Caring for a pt with Sensory deprivation:

Answer 3

• provide social interaction
• enjoyable activities
• support groups
• touch

Question 4

Caring for a pt with Sensory overload:

Answer 4

• dimming lights
• turn alarms down
• pain medication
• music
• back rub
• visits from family

Question 5

Areas of the cerebrum are responsible for both

Answer 5

cognition, processing, and integration of info from sensory input

Question 6

Lobe of Cerebellum Frontal:

Answer 6

voluntary function, concentration, communication, decision making, and personality

Question 7

Lobe of Cerebellum Parietal:

Answer 7

sense of touch, distinguishing the shape and texture of objects

Question 8

Lobe of Cerebellum Temporal:

Answer 8

hearing and smell

Question 9

Lobe of Cerebellum Occipital:

Answer 9

vision

Question 10

Delirium:

Answer 10

reversible state of acute confusion

a disturbance in consciousness or change in cognition and is caused by a medical condition

Question 11

Dementia:

Answer 11

permanent decline in mental function
decline in many cognitive abilities including reasoning, use of language, memory (not reversible and worsens over time.)

Question 12

Delusions:

Answer 12

False beliefs

Question 13

Gustatory

Answer 13

sense of taste

Question 14

Kinesthetic

Answer 14

balance

Question 15

Olfactory

Answer 15

sense of smell

Question 16

Presbycusis:

Answer 16

age related hearing loss

Question 17

Presbyopia:

Answer 17

farsightedness age related decrease in the ability to focus on near objects

Question 18

Tactile

Answer 18

touch

Question 19

Alterations of the sensory and cognitive abilities occur from:

Answer 19

traumatic injuries, illnesses, metabolic imbalances, aging.

Question 20

Stimulus:

Answer 20

change in the environment that created a response

Question 21

Sensory adaptation

Answer 21

process by which some impulses are ignored by the brain during time of alertness because they are not prioritized as important

Question 22

Depression

Answer 22

mood disorder characterized by a sense of hopelessness and persistent unhappiness
s/s: loss of interest, sadness for an extended period of time, decreased self-esteem, sleeping too much or insomnia, changing in eating patterns.

Question 23

Sensory reception:

Answer 23

receiving stimuli and data

Question 24

Sensory perception:

Answer 24

conscious organization and translation of stimuli and date into meaning

Question 25

Factors influencing capacity to receive and perceive stimuli:

Answer 25

``` age meaningful stimuli environmental factors amount of stimuli social interaction cultural factorsj ```

Question 26

Levels of Consciousness:

Answer 26

``` alert lethargic obtunded semi comatose comatose ```

Question 27

Alert:

Answer 27

oriented, aware of stimuli

Question 28

Lethargic:

Answer 28

slow to respond, is the response appropriate

Question 29

Obtunded:

Answer 29

difficult to arouse, inconsistently follows commands

Question 30

Semi-Comatose:

Answer 30

responds when stimulated, does not follow commands

Question 31

Comatose:

Answer 31

no meaningful response

Question 32

Sensory deprivation:

Answer 32

affects all 5 senses insufficient or monotonous stimuli that causes a change in perception of stimuli characterized by: drowsiness, escape behaviors, pre-occupation, inability to concentrate, irritability, hallucinations

Question 33

Nursing interventions for sensory deprivation:

Answer 33

``` visual stimulation auditory olfactory tactile gustatory cognition emotional care ```

Question 34

Sensory Overload:

Answer 34

``` excessive stimuli (feels out of control) characteristics: confusion, anxiety, mental distress, panic, restlessness, insomnia, fatigue, impaired problem solving. ```

Question 35

Myopia:

Answer 35

see close but not far away

Question 36

Hyperopia:

Answer 36

farsightedness

Question 37

Glaucoma:

Answer 37

(no cure) increased pressure in anterior cavity of the eye, loss of peripheral vision

Question 38

Mascular Degeneration:

Answer 38

loss of central vision

Question 39

Cataracts:

Answer 39

clouding of lens

Question 40

______ last sense to be lost.

Answer 40

Hearing

Question 41

The area of the brain that controls alertness and attention is the"

Answer 41

reticular activating system (RAS)

Question 42

Communication Guidelines:

Answer 42

``` acknowledge presence remain in pt visual field normal voice tone explain reason for touching call light orient ambulate ```

Question 43

Diabetic Retinopathy:

Answer 43

complication of diabetes mellitus in which the blood vessels of the retina becomes damaged ----> condition may lead to blindness

Question 44

Hypernatremia & hyponatremia

Answer 44

CNS symptoms

Question 45

Hypocalcemia:

Answer 45

tactile disturbances (tingling and numbness)

Question 46

Hypoglycemic:

Answer 46

irritability and have difficulty concentrating

Question 47

Urinalysis with culture and sensitivity

Answer 47

obtained for any pt exhibiting a change in cognition.

Question 48

Pts with cognitive impairment are oriented by:

Answer 48

``` clock location social interaction calendar safe environment ```

Question 49

Caring for dementia pt:

Answer 49

consistent routine supervision increase awareness by using clocks, calendars, notes, reminders

Question 50

Caring for a pt with tactile alterations:

Answer 50

test bath water temp (reduce risks of burns) active ROM is encouraged turn every 2 hours instructed to not use heat/cold therapies

Question 51

Caring for a pt with olfactory/ gustatory alterations:

Answer 51

high armotic foods enhance flavor of foods fresh flowers

Question 52

Caring for a pt with auditory alterations:

Answer 52

hearing aids are encouraged nurse stands 3-5 feet in front speak clearly and slowly paper and pencil/ whiteboard may be used