Activity, Immobility, and Safe Movement

Question 1

Musculoskeletal System:

Answer 1

provides the framework for movement

Question 2

Nervous System:

Answer 2

controls voluntary movement, posture, balance, and gait.

Question 3

Cerebral Cortex:

Answer 3

regulates motor activity

Question 4

Cerebellum:

Answer 4

controls coordination

Question 5

Motor activity on the right side of the body is controlled by:

Answer 5

motor fibers on the left side of the brain. (vice-versa)

Question 6

Neurotransmitters communicate electrical impulses from:

Answer 6

nerves-to-muscles facilitating movement

Question 7

Proprioception:

Answer 7

awareness of posture and movement

Question 8

Equilibrium:

Answer 8

balance that depends on the cerebellum and inner ear

Question 9

Inner ear fluid remains stationary when the head moves quickly:

Answer 9

to allow a person to maintain balance

Question 10

Body Alignment:

Answer 10

relationship of one body part to another

Question 11

Body Balance:

Answer 11

achieved by low center of gravity; enhanced by posture

Question 12

Friction:

Answer 12

force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement

Question 13

Coordinated body movement:

Answer 13

result of weight, center of gravity, and balance

Question 14

Lift Technique:

Answer 14

keep item close to your body
bend at knees
tightened ab muscles and tuck the pelvis
keep trunk erect and knees bent

Question 15

Cardiopulmonary System:

Answer 15

provides oxygen and circulates nutrients to body tissues.

Question 16

Damage to the cerebrum or cerebellum and spinal cord injury will impair:

Answer 16

a person’s ability to ambulate and control movement

Question 17

Ischemia:

Answer 17

reduced blood flow

Question 18

Hemiparesis:

Answer 18

weakness on one side of the body

Question 19

Hemiplegia:

Answer 19

paralysis on one side of the body

Question 20

Paraplegia:

Answer 20

lower body paralysis (caused by lower spinal cord trauma)

Question 21

Flaccidity/Hypotonicity:

Answer 21

lack of muscle tone, results from lack of physical activity, injury, or neurological impairment

Question 22

Spasticity/Hypertonicity

Answer 22

increases muscle tone, results from reduced ROM and abnormal movement patterns

Question 23

Osteoporosis:

Answer 23

lack of bone mass

Question 24

Osteoarthritis:

Answer 24

deterioration of joint cartilage

Question 25

Quadriplegia:

Answer 25

inability to move all four extremities, also causes difficulty with breathing

Question 26

Isotonic:

Answer 26

dynamic muscle contraction and active movement

Question 27

Isometric:

Answer 27

static muscle contraction without joint movement

Question 28

Isokinetic

Answer 28

muscle contraction against resistance

Question 29

Aerobic:

Answer 29

activity amount of oz taken into the body is greater than that used to perform. uses larger muscle groups, improves cardiovascular conditioning.

Question 30

Anaerobic:

Answer 30

muscle cannot draw enough oxygen from bloodstream

Question 31

Atrophy:

Answer 31

wasting

Question 32

Contracture:

Answer 32

permanent fixation of a joint

Question 33

Footdrop:

Answer 33

permanent plantar flexion

Question 34

Disuse Osteoporosis:

Answer 34

loss of bone mass due to lack of activity

Question 35

Pathologic bone fracture:

Answer 35

spontaneous breaks without trauma

Question 36

Sustained lack of activity may lead to resorption of bone, causing bone to become less dense and calcium to be released into the bloodstream, excess is excreted. This leads too:

Answer 36

Disuse osteoporosis and pathologoic bone fractures

Question 37

Range of Motion:

Answer 37

degrees of movement

Question 38

Active Range of Motion:

Answer 38

full movement

Question 39

Passive Range of Motion:

Answer 39

nurse moves each joint to point of resistance

Question 40

Dangling:

Answer 40

patient sits on the side of the bed before standing

Question 41

Why is dangling important?

Answer 41

to prevent injury to previously non-ambulatory patients

Question 42

Gait:

Answer 42

manner of walking

Question 43

Cardiac Workload is Increased:

Answer 43

when the body is in the supine position due to increases venous return

Question 44

Lung Expansion is Decreased:

Answer 44

because of the body's weight against the bed puts pressure on the rib cage

Question 45

The diaphragm:

Answer 45

has less room to expand due to pressure of organs

Question 46

What is a DVT:

Answer 46

pooled blood combined with weakened calf muscle

Question 47

BMK decreases:

Answer 47

body begins breaking down muscle protein for energy

Question 48

Musculoskeletal:

Answer 48

disuse osteoporosis disuse atrophy contractures stiffness and pain in joints

Question 49

Cardiovascular:

Answer 49

``` diminished cardiac reserve orthostatic hypotension venous vasodilation and stasis dependent edema thrombus formation ```

Question 50

Respiratory:

Answer 50

decreased respiratory movement pooling of respiratory secretions atelectasis pneumonia

Question 51

Metabolic:

Answer 51

decreased metabolic rate negative nitrogen balance anorexia negative calcium balance

Question 52

Urinary:

Answer 52

urinary stasis renal calculi urinary retention urinary infection

Question 53

GI:

Answer 53

anorexia uncomfortable position embarrassment constipation

Question 54

Psychoneurological:

Answer 54

decline in mood elevating substances perception of time intervals deteriorates problem solving and decision making abilities deteriorate

Question 55

Integumentary:

Answer 55

decubitus ulcers venous stasis ulcers necrosis

Question 56

Urinary Stasis:

Answer 56

may develop due to the dependent position of the bladder when patients are supine

Question 57

Breeding ground for UTI's

Answer 57

stagnant urine

Question 58

Pressure on bony prominences:

Answer 58

can cause tissue ischemia

Question 59

Prolonged tissue ischemia:

Answer 59

may lead to necrosis

Question 60

Necrosis:

Answer 60

death of cells, tissue, or organs and destruction of all layers of the skin, muscles, and fat

Question 61

Assessment of the skin include:

Answer 61

observation of color, texture, warmth, and intactness

Question 62

Normal Reactive Hyperemia:

Answer 62

increased blood flow after restoration of the blood supply

Question 63

Isolation:

Answer 63

may result from inactivity and bed rest

Question 64

Sleep and Rest Patterns:

Answer 64

may be disturbed because of inactivity, environmental noise, constant disruptions for direct care and treatments, and frequent napping throughout the day

Question 65

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are use for:

Answer 65

mild to moderate pain relief

Question 66

Moderate to Severe Pain:

Answer 66

Narcotics

Question 67

Why do you medicate a patine before activity?

Answer 67

to enhance the patient's ability to move

Question 68

Logrolling:

Answer 68

moving the whole body as a unit

Question 69

Trochanter Rolls:

Answer 69

keep the hip from externally rotating when the patient is in supine position

Question 70

Transfer belts should be used for patients with:

Answer 70

unsteady gait or generalized weakness

Question 71

Example of Isotonic Exercise:

Answer 71

ADL's, ROM, walking

Question 72

Example of Isometric Exercise:

Answer 72

kegel exerceise, planks

Question 73

Example of Isokinetic Exercise:

Answer 73

leg extension machine

Question 74

Example of Aerobic Exercise:

Answer 74

running/biking

Question 75

Example of Anaerobic Exercise

Answer 75

sprinting, weight-lifting

Question 76

Weight bearing exercises can decrease:

Answer 76

risk for osteoporosis

Question 77

Factors affecting body alignment and activity:

Answer 77

growth and development behavioral aspects cultural and ethic origin

Question 78

Can a nurse delegate getting a patient out of bed for the first time?

Answer 78

No, this cannot be delegated

Question 79

If patients on bed rest have some mobility, the nurse should teach them:

Answer 79

to shift every 15 minutes

Question 80

Turn immobile patients every:

Answer 80

2 hours