Asepsis and Infection Control COPY

Question 1

Define infection.

Answer 1

Establishment of a pathogen in a susceptible host.

Question 2

Define asepsis.

Answer 2

Freedom from. and prevention of disease causing contamination.

Question 3

What is surgical asepsis? (Also known as sterile technique)

Answer 3

Procedures that eliminate all microorganism from an area.

Question 4

What is the first line of defense?

Answer 4

Normal flora

Question 5

What does normal flora do?

Answer 5

They are non disease microorganisms that live in or on the body.

Question 6

What is the second line of defense?

Answer 6

Inflammation

Question 7

How does inflammation work?

Answer 7

Local response to cellular injury or infection which includes capillary dilation and leukocyte infiltration.

Question 8

What does inflammation produce?

Answer 8

Redness, heat, pain, swelling

Question 9

What is the third line of defense?

Answer 9

Immune response.

Question 10

What is immune response?

Answer 10

Body’s attempt to protect itself from foreign and harmful substances initiated from antigens.

Question 11

What is a antigen?

Answer 11

Any substance that provokes an adaptive immune response.

Question 12

What are antibodies?

Answer 12

Immunoglobulin molecules that recognize foreign invaders.

Question 13

What is innate (nonspecific) immunity?

Answer 13

Skin, cough reflex, mucus enzymes on the the skin, in tears, and acid in the GI tract prohibit harmful substances from entering the body.

Question 14

What is adaptive (acquired/specific) immunity?

Answer 14

Occurs when exposed to an antigen

Question 15

What is humoral immunity?

Answer 15

WBC (B lymphocytes) produce antibodies in response to antigens or pathogens.

Question 16

What involves “T” cells

Answer 16

Cellular immunity

Question 17

What is passive immunity?

Answer 17

Immunity received from another person

Question 18

What is active natural immunity?

Answer 18

Body is infected by the pathogen disease——–>immune system makes antibodies

Question 19

What is passive natural immunity?

Answer 19

Receiving antibodies not from your own immune system.

Question 20

Active artificial immunity comes from?

Answer 20

Vaccinations

Question 21

What is passive artificial immunity?

Answer 21

Receiving antibodies not from your own immune system, but your immune system doesn’t have to respond.

Question 22

Describe the integumentary role:

Answer 22

Skin—->Barrier

Squamous epithelial cells—-> Remove infectious agents

Question 23

Respiratory:

Answer 23

Cilia
Mucus
Proteins

Question 24

GI:

Answer 24

Flora

Low ph

Question 25

What is the chains of infections in order?

Answer 25

``` Infectious agents Reservoirs Portal of exit Modes of transmission Portal of entry Susceptible host ```

Question 26

Define pathogens.

Answer 26

Infectious agents that cause disease

Question 27

Describe bacteria:

Answer 27

``` Single celled Classified +1 oxygen Vary in shape, size, growth, pattern, and replication Name by shape Staining qualities ```

Question 28

Describe viruses:

Answer 28

Smallest Reproduce inside living host cell Not killed by antibodies

Question 29

Describe fungi:

Answer 29

Single-celled (mold, yeast)

Question 30

Describe parasites:

Answer 30

Live on or in other organisms.

Question 31

What does portal of exit mean?

Answer 31

Means by which the pathogens escape from the reservoir of infection.

Question 32

What are the different Models of Transmission?

Answer 32

Contact Airborne Droplet Vector borne

Question 33

What is portal of entry mean?

Answer 33

Microorganism enters the susceptible host

Question 34

What increases susceptibility?

Answer 34

Age Chronic disease Immune or nutritionally compromised recent trauma or surgery.

Question 35

What are heal care associated infections (HAI's) aka nosocomial infections?

Answer 35

Infections that patients receive which receiving treatment in a health care facility.

Question 36

What is the most effective method for preventing HAI's?

Answer 36

Hand washing

Question 37

Define drug resistance?

Answer 37

Microorganisms that developed resistance to medications that had previously been successfully at treating the infection.

Question 38

What factors contribute to resistance?

Answer 38

Prescribing antibiotics for nonbacterial infections.

Question 39

Localized infections are characterized by?

Answer 39

``` Redness Swelling Warmth Pain Tenderness Numbness Loss of function ```

Question 40

Systemic infections are characterized by?

Answer 40

``` (Infiltrate the bloodstream) Fever Increase heart rate Increase respiratory rate Lethargy Anorexia Lymph node tenderness or enlargement ```

Question 41

How long do acute infections last? Examples?

Answer 41

10-14 days | Cough, colds, and ear infections

Question 42

How long do chronic infections last?

Answer 42

Months to years

Question 43

What does erythrocyte sedimentation rate measure?

Answer 43

Degree of inflammation

Question 44

Define disinfection.

Answer 44

Removes pathogenic microorganisms, it typically destroys all pathogenic microorganisms expect spores.

Question 45

Define sterilization:

Answer 45

Used to destroy all microorganisms includes their spores.