Sensory Perception Flashcards
What part of the ear does conductive hearing loss affect?
External and middle.
What part of the ear does sensorineural hearing loss affect?
Inner ear, damage to cochlea hair cells.
What are some of the causes of conductive hearing loss?
Wax, otitis media (ear infection of the canal) otosclerosis (abnormal bone growth in ear canal), damage to ear drum.
What are some of the causes of sensorineural hearing loss?
Aging, loud noises, diseases (mumps, meningitis, menier’s) ototoxic drugs (NSAIDS, antibiotics, chemotherapy, diuretics (furosemide).
An audiometry test, otoscope, tuning fork test, weber test, CT scan/MRI scan are all diagnostic tests for what sensory deficit.
Hearing loss.
What are some interventions for conductive hearing loss?
Applying heat to the affected ear, properly irrigating the ear with hydrogen peroxide, ear drops, enhancing communication through written or oral, and teaching of the use of a hearing aid.
In what direction are adult ear drops placed?
Pull ear upwards and backwards.
In what direction are child ear drops placed?
Pull ear upwards and backwards.
What are the causes of Diabetic Retinopathy?
Uncontrolled hyperglycemia, hypertension, and smoking.
How does Diabetes Mellitus cause retinopathy?
Formation of microaneurysms, increased vascular permeability, neovascularization, diabetic macular edema, and retinal detachment.
How does Diabetes Mellitus cause neuropathy?
Chronic hyperglycemia and hypertension can cause damage to neurons throughout the body affecting sensory, autonomic, and motor neurons.
What interventions are part of the care plan for patients with Diabetes Mellitus who are experiencing sensory changes?
Access blood glucose, blood pressure, medication adherence, assess feet for loss of sensation or ulcers, annual diabetic eye exam for retinopathy.
What visual impairment is characterized by progressive opacity of the lens of the eye that causes clouding or blurring of the lens?
Cataracts.
What is the treatment for cataracts?
Surgery
Why should heavy lifting be avoided after cataract surgery?
It increases IOP.
What are the two types of glaucoma?
Open angle and closed angle glaucoma.
What type of glaucoma is known as the silent thief?
Open angle glaucoma.
What causes glaucoma.
Damage to the optic nerve due to chronic increase in eye pressure.
What is the normal range for IOP?
10-21mmhg
What instrument is used to measure IOP?
Tonometer.
Tunnel vision, increased IOP, optic disc cupping with generally no pain are are signs and symptoms of what type of glaucoma?
Open-angle glaucoma.
Sudden vision loss, severe pain, nausea, vomiting, red eyes, corneal edema are all signs and symptoms of what type of glaucoma?
Closed-angle glaucoma.
What are treatment options for glaucoma?
Eye drops/medications, surgical treatments that lowerss IOP.
Being sixty or older, African American, having diabetes and hypertension and having an elevated IOP are all risk factors for what?
Glaucoma.
Nursing interventions for glaucoma?
Pt education on administering eye drops, measures to prevent increase in IOP, medication education.
What is macular degeneration?
Degeneration of macula (incharge of central vision) that leads to loss of central vision.
What causes macular degeneration?
Retinal aging.
What are the two types of macular degeneration?
Dry and wet macular degeneration.
Retinal breakdown due to the buildup of drusen (protein buildup) under the retina causing the macula to dry out and break down is known as which type of macular degeneration?
Dry macular degeneration. (more common, less severe)
Abnormal blood vessel growth and leakage onto the macula causing scarring is which type of macular degeneration?
Wet macular degeneration. (less common, more severe)
What are the risk factors for macular degeneration?
Aging (60+), HTN, smoking, family history, obesity, low intake of eye vitamins, UV light, having light colored eyes.
Treatments for Mac Degeneration?
Statins, control smoking, HTN, eye vitamins, eye injections, laser surgery, photodynamic therapy.
Nursing interventions for macular degeneration?
Pt education, no smoking, sunglasses, regular eye exams, control HTN, blood sugar, and home modification for vision loss.
