Sensory Organs

Question 1

Where are taste buds found and what do they do?

Answer 1

Lingual papillae, and they are sensory receptors for taste

Question 2

What type of deafness results from interference in transmission of sound vibrations?

Answer 2

Conductive

Question 3

What are the names of the auditory ossicles?

Answer 3

Malleus, Stapes, Incus

Question 4

What structures make up the tunica fibrosa?

Answer 4

Sclera and cornea

Question 5

What structures make up the tunica vasculosa

Answer 5

choroid, iris, and ciliary body

Question 6

What structures make up the tunica interna?

Answer 6

beginning of optic nerve and retina

Question 7

Which bone does the auditory canal pass through?

Answer 7

Temporal

Question 8

Which sensations result from activation of interoceptors?

Answer 8

Visceral pain, bladder pressure

Question 9

What are taste cells?

Answer 9

Sensory cells that detect tastants

Question 10

What are taste pores?

Answer 10

small pits in the epithelium of the tongue into which taste hairs project

Question 11

What are basal cells?

Answer 11

stem cells that give rise to new taste cells

Question 12

What are supporting cells?

Answer 12

mature cells within a taste bud that do not play a role in gustation

Question 13

What are taste buds?

Answer 13

clusters of taste cells

Question 14

What are lingual papillae?

Answer 14

visible bumps on the tongue, some of which contain taste buds

Question 15

What is the near response?

Answer 15

The process involved in focusing on close objects

Question 16

What is the primary function of the tympanic membrane?

Answer 16

To transmit sound vibrations to the auditory ossicles

Question 17

What is a sensory modality mediated by specialized receptors called nociceptors?

Answer 17

Pain

Question 18

List the order of events for smelling

Answer 18

1: Odorant molecule binds to G-protein coupled receptors on some olfactory hairs
2: Activation of cAMP second messenger system inside olfactory cells
3: Ion channel opens in the olfactory cells’ membraines
4: Influx of cations depolarize olfactory cells
5: Action potentials travel down the olfactory nerve

Question 19

Which sensory receptors are encapsulated nerve endings?

Answer 19

Bulbous corpuscles, end bulbs, tactile corpuscles, lamellar corpuscles, muscle spindles, tendon organs

Question 20

Which sensory receptors are unencapsulated nerve endings?

Answer 20

Hair receptors, tactile discs, free nerve endings,

Question 21

What is the photopigmentt of Rods?

Answer 21

Rhodopsin

Question 22

What is the photopigment of Cones?

Answer 22

Photospin

Question 23

What is the photopigmnet of ganglion cells?

Answer 23

Melanospin

Question 24

Which photoreceptor is primarily responsible for photopic (day) and trichromatic (color) vision??

Answer 24

Cones

Question 25

Which photoreceptor is primarily responsible for night vision and only produces images in shades of gray?

Answer 25

rods

Question 26

The axons of bipolar sensory neurons leave the spiral organ to form which nerve?

Answer 26

cochlear nerve

Question 27

Equillibrium refers to the perception of what?

Answer 27

Balance, orientation in space, and coordination

Question 28

What is a receptive field?

Answer 28

Area within which a single sensory neuron is able to detect a stimulus

Question 29

Which nerve carries information to the vestibular nuclei of the pons and medulla oblongata?

Answer 29

Vestibular nerve

Question 30

What are the order of events for the semicircular canal detecting angular acceleration?

Answer 30

1: Rotation of semicircular canals 2: Endolmph pushes against cupula 3: Stereocilia bend 4: Hair cells depolarize 5: action potentials travel down vestibular nerve

Question 31

What is fast pain?

Answer 31

sharp, localized pain that occurs at the time of injury

Question 32

What is slow pain?

Answer 32

dull, diffuse pain that occurs immediately following injury

Question 33

What is somatic pain?

Answer 33

pain arising from skin, muscles, or joints

Question 34

What is visceral pain?

Answer 34

pain arising from internal organs

Question 35

What are the components of the lacrimal apparatus?

Answer 35

Lacrimal ducts and lacrimal gland

Question 36

What type of stimulus will maximally activate the sensory receptors within the semicircular ducts?

Answer 36

Rotational motion

Question 37

What receptors sense the position and movements of body parts?

Answer 37

proprioceptors

Question 38

List the order of events from the vibration of the oval window to the depolarization of hair cells

Answer 38

1: Oval window vibrates 2: Pressure wave travels through the perilymph of the scala vestibule 3: Basilar membrane moves up and down 4: Inner hair cells are pushed against the tectorial membrane 5: Stereocilia bend and tip-link proteins open K+ cannels 6: K+ ions enter hair cell causing depolarization

Question 39

Which cochlear chambers contain perilymph?

Answer 39

Scala tympani and scala vestibuli

Question 40

What are the two moieties of rhodopsin?

Answer 40

Opsin and retinal