Brain Lab Flashcards
Cerebrum
Front of brain
Largest part of brain
Separated into two hemispheres/four lobes
Sulcus
Grooves dividing the gyri that make up the cerebrum
Gyrus
The folds making up the cerebrum, separated by suclus
Longitudinal cerebral fissure
Deep groove going down the center of the cerebrum, separating the left and right hemispheres
Brain stemp
made up of midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
All of brain that isn’t cerebrum or cerebellum
Midbrain
part of nervous system, has various features that are associated with vision, hearing, motor control, etc
Cerebral Peduncle
part of midbrain
Structures at the front of the midbrain containing ascending and descending tracts running from the cerebrum to the pons
connects midbrain and pons to cerebrum
Superior Colliculus
Feature of midbrain associated with visual attention, eye tracking, blinking, focusing, pupil dilation, etc
Inferior Colliculus
Feature of midbrain that receives signals from the inner ear
handles noise reflexes (turning head to look at noise, jumping when startled by loud noise)
Pons
Functions as sort of a relay station for signals between various parts of the brain
Found caudal to midbrain
Medulla Oblongata
Found caudal to Pons
Controls various functions of autonomic nervous system such as breathing, heart rate, and digestion
Cerebellum
Found caudal to occipital lobe of cerebrum
Associated with balance and voluntary muscle control
consists of right and left cerebellar hemispheres connected by vermis
surface gray matter, white in the middle
Vermis
narrow bridge connecting the two cerebellar hemispheres
Meninges
dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater
protect brain and provide structural support for arteries and veins
Dura mater
top layer, pressed closely against bone
Arachnoid
middle layer, found covering brain
Pia Mater
bottom layer, tightly following all grooves of brain. hard to see
Pituitary Gland
secretes hormones controlling growth, blood pressure, metabolism, etc. found attached to hypothalamus
CN VI Abducens
controls muscle that turns the eye laterally
Originates at inferior pons and terminates at lateral rectus muscle of the eye
Corpus callosum
“C” shape in middle of brain
responsible for communication between two brain hemispheres
Thalamus
Passes signals for taste, smell, hearing, equilibrium, vision to cerebral cortex. also serves as motor control by relaying signals from cerebllum to cerebrum and creating feedback loop. also involved in memory and emotional functions of limbic cystem
Thalamus
Sorts and passes signals for taste, smell, hearing, equilibrium, vision to cerebral cortex
located below corpus callosum
Hypothalamus
located below thalamus
major control center for endocrine and autonomic nervous systems
Ventricles
top ventricles are lateral ventricles (one in each hemisphere)
cerebrospinalfluid travels through the ventricles
connects to third ventricle (below lateral ventricle) through interventricular foramen which then leads fourth ventricle(by cerebellum) through cerebral aqueduct before finally leading to central canal
