Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

What are the two parts of the adrenal gland?

Answer 1

Cortex (outer) and Medulla (inner)

Question 2

Which division of the ANS has general and widespread affects?

Answer 2

Sympathetic

Question 3

Which division of the ANS has specific and local affects?

Answer 3

Parasympathetic

Question 4

What are the two divisions of the ANS

Answer 4

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 5

Which efferent pathway has a single nerve fiber extending from the CNS to effector?

Answer 5

Somatic

Question 6

An organ that receives both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers is said to have what?

Answer 6

Dual innervation

Question 7

In the sympathetic division of the ANS, which nerve fibers are long?

Answer 7

postganglionic

Question 8

In the sympathetic division of the ANS, which nerve fibers are short?

Answer 8

preganglionic

Question 9

Parasympathetic nerve fibers leave the brainstem through which cranial nerves?

Answer 9

glossopharyngeal, oculomotor, facial, vagus

Question 10

Which neurons secrete ACh?

Answer 10

most preganglionic sympathetic neurons, most post and preganglionic parasympathetic neurons

Question 11

What are some autonomic reflexes regulated by the spinal cord?

Answer 11

Ejaculation, erection, defecation, miticurition

Question 12

The nerves of the sympathetic nervous system arise from which regions of the spinal cord?

Answer 12

Thoracic and lumbar, also called thoracolumbar division

Question 13

The efferent pathway of which nervous system transmits both excitatory and inhibitory signals to its effector cells?

Answer 13

autonomic

Question 14

What is the major control center of the visceral motor system

Answer 14

hypothalamus

Question 15

Describe the sympathetic chain ganglia

Answer 15

a longitudinal series of ganglia adjacent to both sides of the vertebral column

Question 16

What is the term for the continual input from the sympathetic division to the smooth muscle of blood vessel walls, resulting in partial and constant tension

Answer 16

vasomotor tone

Question 17

What are some functions of the enteric nervous system?

Answer 17

regulate motility through the digestive track and regulate the secretion of digestive enzymes

Question 18

Describe the gray communicating ramus

Answer 18

Unmyelinated, postganglionic, sympathetic

Question 19

Which structures are innervated by the parasympathetic fibers that arise from S2-S4

Answer 19

Urinary bladder, reproductive organs, rectum

Question 20

Describe the white communicating ramus

Answer 20

Myelinated, preganglionic, sympathetic

Question 21

Which division of the ANS develops from the same embryonic tissue as the medulla of the adrenal gland?

Answer 21

sympathetic

Question 22

A low rate of sympathetic nerve firing to the smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels causes what?

Answer 22

vasodilation

Question 23

Which neurotransmitter is most commonly secreted by postganglionic nerve fibers of the sympathetic division of the ANS?

Answer 23

norepinephrine

Question 24

The efferent pathway of which nervous system uses both ACh and norepinephrine as neurotransmitters?

Answer 24

autonomic