sensory organs

Question 1

name the sensory organs

Answer 1

eyes
ears
tongue
nose
skin

Question 2

eyelids represent ___________ of skin

Answer 2

folds

Question 3

eyelashes act as ________

Answer 3

filters

Question 4

oily gland found in both eyelids

Answer 4

sebaceous glands
- helps keep tears off the face

Question 5

conjunctiva

Answer 5

• special inner lining of the eyelids
• special mucus membrane
• palpebral conjunctiva
• bulbar conjunctiva
• can check here for jaundice, anemia, conjunctivitis

Question 6

palpebral conjunctiva

Answer 6

• where the conjunctiva attaches to the inner (caudal) surface of the eyelid
• helps keep it in place

Question 7

bulbar conjunctiva

Answer 7

• the conjunctiva that attaches to the eyeball

Question 8

where is the nictitating membrane located?

Answer 8

medial canthus (inner corner of the eye)

Question 9

canthus

Answer 9

junction of the upper and lower eyelids at either corner of the eye

Question 10

what is the nictitating membrane composed of?

Answer 10

cartilage partially covered in conjunctiva

Question 11

hardner’s gland

Answer 11

gland found at the base of the nictitating membrane

Question 12

lacrimal apparatus consists of:

Answer 12

1. lacrimal gland
2. lacrimal sac
3. lacrimal puncta
4. lacrimal and nasolacrimal ducts

Question 13

lacrimal duct

Answer 13

conducts tears from the medial corners to the nasal cavity

Question 15

tears drain through the ___________
into the ________
via the ________

Answer 15

lacrimal duct
nasal cavity
nasolacrimal duct

Question 16

sclera

Answer 16

• tough, white, fibrous connective tissue
• outermost covering
• entrance site of blood vessels and the optic nerve
• attachment site for ocular muscles (control eye movement)
• near the eyelids, the sclera is covered in bulbar conjunctiva

Question 17

cornea

Answer 17

• clear ‘window’ covering the cranial eyeball
• no blood vessels
• receives nutrients from lacrimal secretions, aqueous fluid, and scleral blood vessels
• multiple layers

Question 18

what is damage to the cornea called?

Answer 18

ulcer

Question 19

iris

Answer 19

• the muscle part
• posterior to the cornea
• anterior to the lens
• regulates the amount of light that gets into the eye
• contractile membrane
• may be colored
• attached to the sclera and the ciliary body

Question 20

pupil

Answer 20

• hole
• is not a structure

Question 21

lense

Answer 21

• gelatinous center surrounded by a capsule
• bi-convex
• focuses light on the retina
• held in place by zonules extending from the ciliary body

Question 22

ciliary body

Answer 22

• thickening on the inner wall of the eyeball
• connect the iris and the ciliary processes
• encircles the inside of the eyeball
• attached by zonules to the lense
• changes the shape of the lens
• produces aqueous fluid

Question 23

choroid

Answer 23

vascular layer between the tough outer sclera and sensitive inner retina

Question 24

retina

Answer 24

• light-sensitive nervous tissue layer that houses photoreceptors (rods and cones)
• extends along the inner aspect of the eyeball

Question 25

tapetum lucidum

Answer 25

- a reflective layer of cells - between the retina and the choroid - reflects light back through the retina

Question 26

clear liquid fluid in the eye

Answer 26

aqueous fluid - drains and is replaced

Question 27

glaucoma

Answer 27

- increased intraocular pressure in the anterior cavity - caused by overproduction of aqueous fluid and failure of aqueous ducts to drain properly

Question 28

cataracts

Answer 28

- cloudiness/opacity in the lens - must be distinguished from nuclear sclerosis in dogs (grey-blue haze on the lens that rarely causes blindness)

Question 29

the degree of light refraction in the eye depends on (2)

Answer 29

- the angle of incidence - the index of refraction for each media within the eye

Question 30

rods respond to what

Answer 30

dim light - more are present in nocturnal animals - black and white sight

Question 31

what do cones respond to?

Answer 31

- bright light - color

Question 32

the retina sits on the _________

Answer 32

choroid

Question 33

what part of the ear is the tympanic membrane?

Answer 33

outer ear

Question 34

where does the middle ear extend from?

Answer 34

the tympanic membrane to the (air-filled) petrous temporal bone, creating a cavity

Question 35

what separates the middle and inner ear?

Answer 35

the coverings of the round and oval windows

Question 36

where are the auditory ossicles located?

Answer 36

middle ear

Question 37

what are the auditory ossicles in order:

Answer 37

- malleus - incus - stapes

Question 38

what do the auditory ossicles do?

Answer 38

amplify vibrations of the eardrum to the oval window

Question 39

where is the cochlea located?

Answer 39

inner ear

Question 40

what is housed in the inner ear

Answer 40

- cochlea - semi-circular canals

Question 41

where are the semi-circular canals located

Answer 41

inner ear

Question 42

describe the inner ear and where it is

Answer 42

- fluid-filled - excavated in the porous temporal bone and bordered by the round and oval windows

Question 43

what are the 2 parts of the inner ear?

Answer 43

- cochlear division - vestibular division

Question 44

describe the cochlear division of the inner ear

Answer 44

- sensory for SOUND - snail-shaped - houses the organ of Corti (hearing receptors) - fluid-filled - includes special hair cells that are connected to the cochlear part of the vestibule-cochlear nerve (are stimulated by the movement of fluid)

Question 45

describe the vestibular division of the inner ear

Answer 45

- sensory for BALANCE - series of 3 canals perpendicular to each other (x,y,z) called semi-circular canals - contains nerve receptors for the perception of balance - connected to the vestibular branch of the CNVlll

Question 46

nerve deafness

Answer 46

- the malfunction of receptors or auditory nerves - genetic

Question 47

transmission deafness

Answer 47

- malfunction in the transmission of sound waves from the outer ear to the inner ear

Question 48

The nose plays a role in both:

Answer 48

- sensory - respiration

Question 49

nares aka:

Answer 49

nostrils

Question 50

What breathing strategy do cats and dogs use to help prevent the dilution of sents?

Answer 50

they breathe in through the large hole openings at the front of the nose and earth out of the side flaps

Question 51

what are the 2 specialized tissues in the nose

Answer 51

- olfactory epithelium - vomeronasal organ

Question 52

olfactory epithelium

Answer 52

- found high in the nasal passage - sensory cells are mixed with support cells - dendrites of sensory cells project into nasal mucus membranes

Question 53

vomeronasal organ

Answer 53

- accessory olfactory tissue (not in all species) - found on either side of the nasal septum - responsible for pheromone detection

Question 54

pheromones

Answer 54

- chemical substances that affect social and reproductive communication - are externally excreted - are detected by sensory cells of the vomeronasal organ

Question 55

hormone level fluctuations cause

Answer 55

subtle changes in pheromone production

Question 56

flehmen response

Answer 56

physical set of movement that encourages the flow of pheromone-containing air into the vomeronasal organ - commonly called stink face in cats