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A & P Fall 2013 > Sensory/Motor Cells: Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Sensory/Motor Cells: Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Sensory Input

A

Information that is given to the nervous system that monitors internal or external changes of the body (stimuli)

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2
Q

Afferent

A

carry nerve impulses from receptors or sense organs towards the central nervous system.

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3
Q

Nervous System

A

the master controlling and communicating system of the body

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4
Q

Integration

A

process of nervous system processing & interpreting sensory input to determine what should be done at any given moment.

  • Interpret Information
  • Form Memory
  • Problem Solve
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5
Q

Motor Output/Control

A

the response the nervous system give out by activating effector organs (muscles and glands)

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6
Q

Effector

A

A nerve ending that carries impulses to a muscle, gland, or organ and activates muscle contraction or glandular secretion.

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7
Q

Neurons

A

Excitable cells that transmit electrical signals

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8
Q

Supporting Cells (Glial Cells)

A

Cells that surround and wrap a neuron.

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9
Q

What do Glial Cells do?

A
  • Provide a supportive network framework for neurons
  • Segregate and insulate neurons
  • Guide young neurons to their popper connections
  • Promote health and growth of neurons
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10
Q

Astrocytes (Structure & function)

A

Structure: most abundant versatile, and highly branched glial cells… Cling to neurons and their synaptic endings covering Capillaries

Function:

  • Support & brace neurons
  • anchor neurons to their capillary nutrient supply (blood brain barrier) (blood vessels)
  • guide migration of young neurons and helping to determine capillary permeability
  • Help control ion & neurotransmitter enviroment/ re-uptake of neurotransmitters at synapses
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11
Q

Microglia (Structure & function)

A

Structure:
-Small oval cells with thorny process

Function:
-transfers into local microphages that clean up microbes or neuron debries

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12
Q

Ependymal Cells (Structure & function)

A

Structure:
-range in shape from small ovoid cells that are often ciliated

Function:

  • line central cavities of brain & spinal column
  • ciliated cells function to move CSF
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13
Q

Oligodendrocytes (Structure & function)

A

Structure:

-Branched cells that wrap certain nerve fibers, forming insulated covers known as myelin sheaths

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14
Q

What are the two types of neuroglia in the PNS?

A

Satellite cells & schwann cells

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15
Q

What are the four types of neuroglia of the CNS?

A

Astrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal
Oligodendrocytes

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16
Q

What is a neuroglia cell?

A

the supporting or nonneuronal tissue cells of the central and peripheral nervous system. They perform the less specialized functions of the nerve network

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17
Q

Schwann Cell (structure & function)

A

Structure:
-Surround majority of nerve fibers in PNS, forming myelin sheaths

Function:

  • import and regeneration of a damaged nerve
  • import and increasing nerve condition speed
  • counterpart the oligodendrocytes in CNS
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18
Q

Satellite Cell (structure & function)

A

Structure:
-surround ganglionic neuron cell bodies

Function:
-counterpart the astrocytes in CNS

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19
Q

Neurons (Structure & Function)

A

Structure:

  • composed of a body, axon, & dendrites
  • amitotic (can not be replaced) & have high metabolic rate

Function:

  • Plasma membranes function in
  • Electrical signals
  • cell to cell signals during development
20
Q

What is the purpose of the Plasma membrane of the neurons?

A
  • electrical signals

- cell to cell signaling during nervous system developement

21
Q

Nerve Cell Body: other name, structure, funtion

A

Perikaryon & Soma
Structure:
-spherical nucleus with a conspicuous nucleolus surrounded by cytoplasm
-axon hillock

Function:
-major biosynthetic center of neuron
-Nissl bodies: produces a lot of protein which creates neurotransmitters.
-

22
Q

Nerve Cell Processes: how many kinds? other name? structure?

A

Dendrites & Axons
Structure:
-Arm like extensions from soma

23
Q

Dendrites of Motor Neuron

A

short, tapered, diffusely branched processes

  • receptive input regions of neuron
  • electrical signals conveyed as graded potentials
24
Q

Axons of Motor Neruon

A

slender processes arising from axon hillock

-unusually only one uni-branced axon per neuron

25
Q

Axon Terminal

A

end of axon (aka branched terminus of an axon

26
Q

Multi branched axon

A

Nodes of Ranvier

27
Q

Track

A

bundles of axon in CNS

28
Q

Nerves

A

bundles of axons in PNS

29
Q

What is the function of an Axon?

A
  • generate & transmit action potentials
  • secrete neurotransmitters from axons
  • move substance along axons
30
Q

Anterograde

A

movement toward axonal terminal (all electrical signals –going towards receptors at end)

31
Q

Retrograde

A

Away from axon terminal

-important because it advises the cell body of conditions at axon terminal

32
Q

Axon Hillcok

A

initial cone-shaped area of axon where it arises from

33
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

Whitish, fatty (protein lipid) wrapped around most axons

  • protects axon
  • electrical insulate fibers from one another (so signal does not jump)
  • increases speed of nerve impulse transmission
34
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

~1um gaps in myelin sheath between adjacent Schwann cells (~1mm apart)

35
Q

un-myelinated axons

A
  • conduct nerve impulses slowly
  • some nerve cells that the schwann cell surrounds the axon but coiling does not take place.
  • schwann cell may partially enclose 15+ axons
36
Q

Axons in CNS

A

-have both mylin and un-myelinated fibers

37
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A
  • form myelin sheaths in CNS
  • has a process that does the wrapping; it can wrap 50+ axons at a time
  • it has no NEURILEMMA, has a cell process that does the wrapping (instead of cell itself)
38
Q

White Matter (CNS)

A

dense collections of myelinated fibers

39
Q

Gray Matter (CNS)

A

nerve cell bodies and un-myelinated fibers

40
Q

Multipolar

A

three or more process from an axon; most abundant

41
Q

Bipolar

A

two processes; 1 axon & 1 dendrite (found in special sense organs)

42
Q

Unipolar

A

single short process -satellite cell- (found in dorsal root ganglia of spinal cord)

43
Q

Sensory Neurons

A

afferent, transmits signals towards CNS

44
Q

Motor Neurons

A

Efferent- transmits signals away from CNS

45
Q

Interneurons

A

association neurons; shuttle & connect signals through CNS pathways

A & P Fall 2013 (6 decks)

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